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The Root Registry

724 attested rootsand affixes, seeded from the Ọ̀nìchà lexicon (Tier 3 — the segmentations and attestations, with the glosses under audit). When the Forge opens, every candidate word's morphemes must be keys into this table: no invented roots, no untraceable coinages.

-a/-e/-ọ/-oinfl. suff: (-a after a ị ụ; -e after e i u; -ọ after ọ; -o after o) completive or open vowel suffix, used with most verbs in the imperative, the subjunctive, and the sequential forms: Lụ̀a ọlụ̄ Do the work: Kà ànyị jee Let us go: ... ò wèe nalue ụnọ̀ wèe fụ yā ... and then he got home and found it

-bav: A. be many, plenty, much, abundant, numerous; increase in number; multiply B. grow rich, wealthy B. be rich, wealthy: Fâ bàlụ̀ ụ̀ba They are rich B. wealth; riches (cf. àkụ̀); -ba aba be many · -bachi be very plentiful: · (cid:31) Ụmụ̀ ya bàchì ụnò His offspring fill the house (said of a man with many children) · -ba ọ̀gàlànyà grow rich; become wealthy: Ndụ̀beezè àbago ọ̀gàlànyà Ndụbeeze has grown rich · -ba ọnya develop into sore or ulcer (of fresh wound) · -barị be wealthy: Ọ bārịgo He has become wealthy · -ba ụ̀ba A. be many; multiply; increase: Ụmụ̀ ya bàlụ̀ ụ̀ba He
-bav: shout at; rebuke; chide; scold; -ba m̀ba scold, etc.: Ọ bààlị̀ yà m̀ba He scolded him
-bav: peel (with knife) Ọ nà-àba jī He is peeling yams; -bachapụ̀ peel completely
-bav: break (under pressure); burst (as of weak clay pot with water in it being broken by pressure of the water; of fufu balls breaking in the pot during boiling): Ìtè afụ̀ akārọ aka, ọ gà-àba mà ị tanye mmīli n’imē ya That pot is not strong; it will break if you pour water into it; ọ̀bụba breaking
-bà-v: enter: B. be about to enter; bàa go in · ọ̀bụ̀bà entrance, entry; initiation · -bà èlèlè be useful; profit; benefit: Ọlụ à abàrọ̀ èlèlè This work is not useful (cf. –bà n’ife, -bà ulù) · -bàkọ A. enter together · -bàlụ be profitable to (someone); be source of gain to: Ọ bàgolụ ị̄ You have profited from it · -bàmì enter deeply into · -bà n’anya intoxicate: Mmanya à bà m̀ n’anya This wine intoxicates me · -bà n’ife be useful; p
-bà-v: soak; -bàba soak (corn, clothes, etc.) · -bànye soak in · -bànye akpụ soak cassava
-ba-chav: peel; pare (yam, cassava, etc., with knife) (cf. –be-cha); bànyelụ about; concerning: Achọ̀ m̀ ịjụ̄ta ife bànyelụ yā I want to inquire something about him
-ba/-beext. suff.1: be (doing something); begin and continue: Lụ̀ba ọlụ̄ Be working Ị̀ chọ̀ kà m bebe akwā? Do you want me to be crying?
-ba/-beext. suff.1: at; on; against; -dàbe lean against: Osisi ànyị gbūlu dàbèèlụ̀ n’ọjị̀ The tree we cut down is being supported by the iroko · -dọba put on, at: Dọ̀ba mmīli afụ̀ n’ànị̀ Put that water on the floor · -gbabe lean against · -kwụba place against
-ba/-beext. suff.2: causative; -gbabebe make something lean against something (cf. –gbabe lean against) · -yibe put clothes on someone (cf. –yi 1. wear clothes)
-ba/-beext. suff: away from; -chùbe go away to fetch · -gaba, -jebe go away
-bev: cry out Ọ nà-èbe kà ewu He is crying like a goat; òbube crying · -be akwa cry · -be àlị̀lị̀ mourn; lament · -bekù appeal to; implore; cry to · -bekwàsị akwā cry to; plead to · -be ọnwụ ọ̄nwụ cry in death-agony
-bèv: cut; stop:; òbùbè ending; stopping · ụ̀wà ebè èbè everlasting; for ever and ever · Bèelụchī, personal name (‘Except God’) · Bèelụchukwu · bèelụ mà only if; unless (not): Agà m̀ àbịa bèelụ mà ị bịa I will come only if you will come: Bèelụ mà ị̀ mè ife à m amā abịa Unless you do this, I will not come · bèelụ sọ̀ except: M̀madụ̀ niīne bị̀àsị̀, bèelụ sọ̀ m All the people came except me · -bèji cut down · -bèka cu
-bèv: perch, settle (of bird); -bèdo perch on · -bègolu perch on top of: Nnụ̀nụ à bègòlù n’enu osisi This bird perched on top of the tree · -bèkwàsị alight; perch · -bè m̀bè catch by the leg (in wrestling) · ànụ̀nụ̀ ebè tree, supposed very poisonous, associated with ànụ̀nụ̀ (lit. ànụ̀nụ̀ never settles on it)
-be-chav: pare; peel (orange, yam, cassava): Ọ nà-èbecha òlòma He is peeling an orange (cf. –ba-cha)
-biv: live; dwell: Na-èbi ọ̀fụma Goodbye (lit. keep living well) B. live for long; òbibi act of dwelling · ebe ōbibi habitation; dwelling place · -bichi occupy another’s house · -bidèbe live near · -bifè (okè) live too long (in a place) · -bi ichè live separately · -bika ụnọ̀ dwell in a house till it is old · -bikọ live together · mbikọ living together · -bimalụ live for a long time in one place and become accustomed to it · -bimì live far in · -bi n’ùdo live in peace, harmony ·
-biv: cut; slice; òbibi cutting · -bi abụbọ cut vegetables
-bìv: press; print; òbìbì printing; pressing · -bì akwụkwọ print, type paper, book · -bìdà press down; reduce; compress · -bìdo press; press on: Bìdo akā n’obì ị Press your hand on your chest · -bìkwàsị aka lay hands upon · -bìkwàsị aka n’isi -bì ọmà confirm (of church confirmation) greet (by embracing (cf. –ti ọmà) · -bìpụ̀ta akwụkwọ -bìtụ aka publish a book take hold of; grasp; press with hand lightly (e.g. as when
-bìv: A. cut B. terminate; bring to an end; òbìbì terminating; ending · -bì nkenke shorten (a speech) · -bì okwu settle a matter; resolve a quarrel
-bì-v: borrow; -bìli borrow something (especially money) · -bìnye lend (especially money): · onye nā-ebìnye egō m̀bìbì money-lender borrowing · -gba m̀bìbì borrow; go about borrowing: · Ọ nà-àgba m̀bìbì egō He is borrowing money
-bì-chiv: stop; block; prevent
-bi-dov: begin; mbido beginning; starting · mbido arọ̀ beginning of the year: Ọ gà-àbịa na mbido arọ̀ She will come at the beginning of the year · abụ̀ mbido opening song · isi mbido beginning
-bì-gbọv: shout loudly; roar; bawl at: Bìgbọ nwatà afụ̄ nā-akpa āghala Shout at that child causing confusion
-bì-niv: get up; -bìni ọtọ stand up; rise up · mbìnite (n’ọnwụ) resurrection; rising (from the dead)
-bịav: come B. coming year(s); ọ̀bịbịa coming; advent · Ọ̀bịbịaā Kraị̀st Advent · -bịachi anya come regularly · -bịachìgha come; return · bịadị(lị̀) by the way, ... · -bịakèta come nearer · -bịakwute come near to (a person) · -bịalu arrive at; reach · -bịa ǹso approach · -bịa(sò) n’àzụ come after · arọ̄ nā-abịa A. next year (cf. arọ̄ ọ̀zọ) · -sibịa come from; come (by way of)
-bị̀àv: squeeze; compress; ọ̀bị̀bị̀à squeezing; compressing · -bị̀àju fill (by squeezing in) · -bị̀àkọ cram; squeeze in; pack together · -bị̀ànye plunge, dip, poke, squeeze in
-bov: put on; load on; help to raise to head; -bo anya stare at · -bo àpà leave scar or mark on · -bogbu overload · -bo ibu lift a load onto someone’s head · -bo iru stare at · -bokwàsị anya stare at
-bov: ext. suff. 1. (break) off (of something large and brittle and capable of being reduced to ashes or powder, e.g. wall, floor); -gbabo break off: Okpòlò igwē dị̄ n’ime ụnọ̀ gà-àgbabo ajā The rod in the room will break off a piece of the wall · -tibo break off
-bọv: rake surface; clear; dig up; ọ̀bụbọ raking; digging; · -bọ ànị̀ scratch, paw the ground (of fowls, dogs) · -bọ ezi clear a path, roads, of weeds · -bọ ilo clear the village square · -bọkọ̀ta gather together, pile up · -bọni abọni dig up earth into beds for planting · -bọ ozu exhume a body · -bọsa spatter (e.g. with dust) · -bọsà scatter (esp. grain) · -bọsàsị scatter about
-bọ̀v: A. divide; cut up (animal carcase); break: Ị̀ bọ̀go chī? Good morning! B. :; -bọ̀kapụ̀ cut out · -bọ̀kasị̀ divide into pieces · -bọlì divide into small pieces · -bọ̀cha be inquisitive; dig out information · -bọ̀ ntọ̀ọọ̄ pull down the lower eyelids and widen the eyes as a form of mockery, to imply ‘I told you so!’ or ‘Just what I expected!’ (i.e. rejoicing over someone else’s misfortune)
-bọ̀v: revenge; avenge: Bọ̀lụ ife o mèlụ̀ gị Take revenge for what he did to you; -bọ̀gwalụ take revenge: Abọ̀gwalụgo m̄ ife o mèlụ̀ m I have taken revenge for what he did to me · -bọ̀ mbọ̀ seek revenge with blood: Ndi à jèkọ̀ mbọ̀These people are going to seek blood revenge · -bọ̀ ọbọ̀ avenge; revenge
-buv: carry, bear (something big or heavy) B. undertake B. know by heart C. be responsible B. bring out, display (e.g. dance); òbubu carrying; bearing · -bu afọ imē be pregnant · -bu agha fight · -bu ajụ̀ cause dizziness · -bu amụma prophesy · -bu àpà bear scar or mark · -bu asị je ogbè gossip: · òbù àsị èje ogbè a gossip · -budà bring down; humble · -bufè carry over, across · -buga carry to; transport · -bugha(lị) postpone · -bughàlị carry badly · -bughalị anya be mad, dizzy, giddy · -bukwàsị place on · -bulu carry, bear
-buinfl. suff: (emphatic past) formerly; once (but not now): Ọ bụ̀bù onye nkuzi He was once a teacher Ị nà-àlabu mmānya? Have you been drinking wine before?: Ọ zụ̄tabugolu m̄ ewu He has bought a goat for me before
-bùv: be large, stout; òbùbù stoutness · -bù ibù be stout, large, flourishing · -bù isi be horrible; be horrified · -bù ogbè be big
-bụv: be (used to identify two noun phrases with each other): Abụ̄ m onye isī I am the leader; ọ̀bụbụ becoming · -bụ èjìma be twins · -bụgodu isi be the head (first and foremost, before being anything else) · -bụgbàdo be altogether, entirely · -bụ isi be first, in the first place · -bụkọdo be both in; carry both in · bụlụzịdụ even if: Ọ gà-àsọ m̄ mà ọ bụlụ nà Ọ̀fộ mèlụ̀ ọ̀fụma na nnene akwụkwọ arọ̄ à ọ bụlụzịdụ onye ǹke īkpe āzụ It would please me if Ọfọ could pass this year’s examination,
-bụv: eject; project; -bụ asọ spit · -bụ ọnụ̄ curse · -bụ ọnụ mmīli spit · -bụsa drizzle (of rain)
-bụv: scramble; -bụ abụ scramble (for something) · -bụkọ get all by scrambling · -bụsịsị scramble madly (for something): Fâ bụ̀sị̀sị̀lị̀ àbụsịsị There was a great scramble for it · -bụta get by scrambling · -bụ ụ̀bụ scramble (for something)
-bụ̀v: break (hard covering, shell) to get out contents (e.g. egg, ụkwà); hatch: Ọ̀kụkọ̀ mụ gà-abụ̄ akwa yā n’ọnwa ọ̀zọ My hen will hatch her eggs next month; ọ̀bụ̀bụ̀ hatching (of eggs) · -bụ̀ àkwa peck open shell (of hen helping chickens to hatch) · -bụ̀ ụmụ̀ peck open shell
-bụ̀v: sing; -bụ̀ abụ̀ sing (a solo)
-bụ̀v: uproot: Ọ nà-abụ̀ nkwụ̄ He is uprooting a palmtree; ọ̀bụ̀bụ̀ uprooting · -bụ̀ àbụ̀ root up (cassava and cocoyam) · -bụ̀nite uproot · -bụ̀ osisi uproot tree

-chav: A. be light- or reddish-coloured (as opposed to being dark) B. be(come) ripe, as shown by change of colour (of fruit, e.g. orange, banana; contrast -ka, ripen or mature by getting hard, as maize): Ọ nà-àcha ācha It is ripening (and changing colour); -cha ànyàlị̀ be an albino · -cha èdo èdò be yellow in colour · -chagha turn pale · -chaghalị be light in colour; change colour; fade; be bloodless (of person) · -chaghalị anya change expression, colour of eyes (through sorrow, anger, surprise, etc.) · -chagha(lị) iru change colour, expression (cf. -chaghalị anya) · cha isi awọ̄ turn grey (of black hair turning grey) · -cha mmanụ be reddish orange
-chav: wash, scrub (hand, foot, hard object); clean off; be clean, pure (cf. -sa 1.); ọ̀chịcha washing; scrubbing · -chacha clean (stronger than -cha) · -chachanye wash into · -chagbu ọnya heal a sore by washing · -chapụ̀ wash off · -wụcha (àrụ) wash, wash clean, cleanse (body) · -wụchapụ̀ (àrụ) wash (the body) thoroughly · -wụchapụ̀ta wash thoroughly
-chav: shine (as sun); glisten; glitter; blaze; beat down (as sun); scorch (of sun, fire, hot iron, etc.) (cf. -mụ̀ 2., but stronger); ọ̀chịcha scorching; beating (of sun) Anwụ chàlụ̀ The sun shone · -chachị dazzle: Anwụ chàchị̀lị̀ m̀ anya The sun dazzled me · -chagbu cause to wither (by heat); scorch · -chani flare up; blaze; force away by heat · -chanwụ wither · -cha ọkụ be red-hot (of metal)
-chav: open up; reveal; -chalàpụ̀ anya open eyes wide; stare at; look sternly at · -chalụ àba lie flat on the back · -cha n’anwụ̄ be apparent, obvious, conspicuous (cf. -gba n’anwụ̄)
-chaext. suff. 1: thoroughness; -kachasị surpass entirely (cf. -kasị surpass) · -nụcha hear well (cf. -nụ hear) · -ruchanye pour all into (cf. -runye pour into)
-chàv: give place; give way; -chàlụ n’ụzọ̀ let one pass, give way to · -chà n’ụ̀sọ go aside; give way
-chàv: cut (slang); -gbubè, -bè more commonly used) · -chà akwà cut cloth (e.g. into yards) · -chà akwụkwọ cut paper · -chà elili cut rope
-cha-ext. suff. 1: partial (doing of action); act (on relatively small object or small part of object): Tàchalụ nwantịntị Bite off a little bit.: Tìchalụ yā Slap him gently.: Ị̀ nà-ètichalụ m̄ àbụ m ọ̀yị̀ gị? Are you taking liberties with me by slapping me?: Nàchalụ yà akwụkwọ Snatch the book from her.: Bikō fụchàpụ m̄ ife dābà m̀ n’anya Please help me by blowing something out from my eye
-chev: wait; watch for; watch over, protect, guard, shelter (in good sense); lie in wait for, ambush (in bad sense) B. give shade; òchiche waiting; preserving; protecting · -chebe, -chelụ guard; keep; preserve · -chebe ntị̀ listen · -chedo protect; shelter · nchedo defence; protection; sheltering · -chedo mmilī hold water · -che iru be opposite · -chekàta wait a long time · -chekwa(ba) look after; take care of · -chekwa iwe bear malice · -chekwata save (money) · nchekwata saving(s) (of money, etc) · -che ǹche keep watch; watc
-chev: present; offer; -che iru face · -chelịta face (of a person) · nchelịta facing; opposing · nchelịta irū opposite; facing · -che n’iru present; place before · -che ọjị give kola · òche ọ̀gụ̀ praying mantis (lit. the one offering fight)
-chèv: think; ponder; meditate; òchìchè thinking; pondering; meditating · -chè echìchè think; think deeply on an abstract problem; ponder; meditate · -chèfù forget · -chègbu worry; care; be anxious · -chèghalị reconsider; repent · nchèghalị repentance · -nchèkasị worry greatly; wear out oneself with thinking · nchèkasị anxiety; care; worry · -chèkwube trust · nchèkwube trust; confidence; trustworthiness; faithfulness · -chèta re
-chiv: make (king, minister); crown (cf. -chị); take title; -chi echi(chi) take or bestow a title · -chi ezè become, be installed Chief or King: Kà ànyị je ebe a nà-èchi ezè Let us go to the place where a Chief is being installed · -chi mmụọ̄ take a title of a god · -chi ọzọ̄ take a title take ọzọ̄ title (lit. take honour) · -chizù become fully qualified; take the highest (hierarchical) title: Ụkọ̀ Chukwu ǹke à èchizùgo This priest has become full qualifie
-chiv: A. show; present: Bikō chi ọkụ̄ Please show the light B. put drink to someone’s lips
-chiv: block; -chi anya be well-woven, tight · -chi ntị̀ be deaf, obstinate, disobedient · -kpùchi cover
-chiv: report; make report of; -chi ikpe complain; make complaint
-chiv: A. tap (palm wine) B. cup; draw blood; -chi ochi cup; draw blood · òchi cupping, drawing blood with horn or horn-shaped calabash from any part of the body to relieve congestion, swelling, pain, etc.
-chiext. suff. 1: in place of; -kùchi take wife of dead relative · -tinyechi put in place of
-chì: rub forcefully; scrub; òchìchì scrubbing · -chì akwà scrub cloth · -chìchapụ̀ wipe off; rule off · -chìchapụ̀ anya stare; glare · -chìchapụ̀ obì be broadminded; clear the mind of prejudice · -chìfịa àrụ abrade the skin · -chìtụlụ àrụ muzzle; rub against the body (of animals)
-chì: (slang):; -chì jọọ̀bụ̀ cheat; unlawfully use part of another’s time in attending to one’s needs (e.g. as a clerk who secretly fills in football coupons in the office); do petty job as a sideline
-chịv: A. carry, take (many things) B. take off the hands; desist from B. pay divine homage to òkwè; hence village name (Isi òkwè) B. lead; be the leader (e.g. of a group) C. rule; govern; reign; direct B. male name; ọ̀chịchị taking, carrying (many things) · afọ ọ̄chịchị diarrhoea · -chị aka jī gather in yam tendrils · -chịdèbe bring near · -chịghalị uchè consider; ponder; meditate; put one’s mind to · -chị inyemè marry a plurality of wives · -chịkọ gather together · -chịkọlụ take the whole number for oneself · -chịkọta gather and give entirely; gather together and bring a whole number · -chịlị take to oneself
-chịv: be slippery; -chị achị be slippery: Ebe à nà-àchị āchị This place is slippery
-chị̀v: grunt; make sound with effort; ọ̀chị̀chị̀ grunt; sound made with effort · ọ̀chị̀chị̀ akwā hard sobbing · ọ̀chị̀chị n̄sị defecation with grunts: Onye ọyà afụ̀ nà-achị̄ n̄sị The sick man is defecating with grunts · -chị̀ (àchị̀) cry, chirp (as a cricket) · -chị̀ akwa cry very much; sob (harder than -kwa akwa) · -chị̀ ọchị̀ laugh hard or uproariously (no vowel suffix; less common than -mụ amụ)
-chì-: move; -chì àzụ return; turn back · -chìgha àzụ return · -chìghalị turn round and round; be undecided: · Ndi aghā ayị̄ Our troops retreated · chìghàlụ̀ àzụ · -chìpụ̀ start on a journey
-chòv: display articles for sale (also -chòbe)
-chọv: A. want; desire; seek; need: Ụgbọ m̄ chọ̀lụ̀ ndokwa My car needs repairs B. be in season, on heat (of animals): $ Ewu Ndụ̀ àchọgo; a gà-àkpụgalụ yā mkpi Ndụ’s goat is on heat; it will be taken to a he-goat; ọ̀chịchọ seeking; desire; wish · oke ọ̄chịchọ excessive desire; greed · -chọba seek · -chọ egō seek for money (by any means): Ọ nà-àchọ egō ri nnē He tries to make money by hook or by crook · -chọfè search more than necessary · -chọ mmā decorate; ornament · -chọ okwu provoke, seek a quarrel · -chọpụ̀ta, -chọọ̀ta -chọsà search out; find; discover seek everywhere · -chọta find · -chọ ùdo seek for pe
-chuv: be dull, half-done; fade; tarnish; -chu echu be dull, half-done (of colour of half-cooked food); fall short of expected standard (esp. in colour); be dull, morose, half- baked (of person); be degrading (of action) · -chu ichuchu be unripe · -chu ụla be wakeful, sleepless · -churu fade; tarnish: Ìyèli à èchurugo The earring has tarnished (stronger than èchugo)
-chuv: be greedy, lazy; gorge
-chuv: fetch (usu. water); -chube go away to fetch · -chu iyī go to a spring or stream to draw water · -chu mmilī go to fetch water
-chuv: persevere; -chu uchu persevere; be industrious
-chụv: drive; pursue; ọ̀chụchụ driving; pursuing · -chụ ala wean · -chụ anụ chase animals · -chụchìgha chase, drive back · -chụdà drive down · -chụgo drive up · -chụkọ nta hunt together · -chụmì drive far away · -chụna(ta) drive home · -chụni stir up (birds, etc.) · -chụ nta hunt; go hunting · -chụ ọsọ drive; pursue · -chụpụ̀ drive away, out · -chụsà scatter: Ǹke à chụsàsị̀lị̀ egwū nā-atụ m̄ This dispels my fears

-dav: warm; heat up; -da n’ọkụ warm (soup, etc.) · -da ọkụ brand; cauterize · -dazè melt slowly
-dav: press (cloth); -dakọ press (cloth, to dry it)
-dàv: fall; befall; occur; happen to (of something tragic); suffer from; fail; set (of sun): Ọ̀gụ̀ dàlụ̀ A fight broke out: Akụ mmīli nà-adà Hailstones are falling; ọ̀dị̀dà fall; fall of a great or rich person; failure · ọ̀dị̀dà anyanwụ̄, West; sunset · ọ̀dị̀da chī · -dà àba fall on the back · -dà adà, ada fall; fall down (usually of persons): Ọ dàlụ̀ adà She fell down · -dà aka lay hands on · -dà àkàkpọ̀ be stunted (of person): Ọ dàlụ̀ àkàkpọ̀ He is stunted in growth · -dà àkwụkwụ̀ have epilepsy; be epileptic; have epileptic fits · -dàbà fall in with; corres
-dà-jụv: be quiet: calm, peaceful; Ọ dàjụgo It is quiet: · Ọ dàjụ̀lụ̀ àdàjụ It is very quiet · ndàjụ calm; quiet; fricanaụ̀ity: Ndàjụ adụ̄rọ ebe à There is no quiet here · -dàjụ obì propitiate; appease; atone
-dev: mark; write; press B. help to write a letter; òdide writing; pressing; marking · -de akwà iron clothes · -de akwụkwọ write letter · òde ākwụkwọ clerk; letter-writer · -debà write into · -dechapụ̀ erase; cancel · -dedo write upon · -defìè write incorrectly · -degalụ akwụkwọ, letà write (letter) to · -dekwu write more · -de letà write letter · -delụ akwụkwọ, A. write (letter) to · letà · -denye write in(to); enter by writing; include · -depụ̀ta
-dev: sound; rumble; -de mmilī threaten rain (with thundering) · -demù murmur; mutter; growl; grumble · -derube rumble; sound around
-de: see –gi-de
-dèv: be soft (as ripe fruit); be soft and wet, soggy (as muddy ground, wet clothes); dissolve in water (cf. –di-dè); -dè ǹdè be sickly, delicate · -dèsị mmilī drip (as of wet clothes)
-de-v: put; place B. take care of; keep; observe; -debe A. appoint; place · -debe ọnụ̄ duu be silent · -debe uchè think; imagine · -delụ duu stop talking; remain silent · -de n’ile taste; place on the tongue · -detụ ọnụ̄ taste
-de-be, -do-beext. suff. 1: stop (cf. –be 3.); -bedebe stop crying: O bedebego kà ọ̀ nà-èbelịsị? Has she stopped (weeping) or is she still weeping? · -jedebe come to a stop: Ebe à kà o jēdebelụ It was here that he stopped
-dè-be, -dò-beext.suff. 1: near(er); -bịadèbè come nearer: Bịadèbè m̄ Come nearer to me · -jedèbè go, move nearer: Jedèbe ọkụ̄ Go nearer the fire
-dìv: endure; be patient; -dìdo obì be patient · -dì èdì endure: Ị gà-edī yā èdìYou have to endure it · -dì ǹdìdì be patient
-dịi.v: be (in a state of); have (a certain quality) B. taking one’s part, siding with:; ọ̀dịdị A. appearance; likeness; being; form; shape · Ọ dị̀ egwù It is tragic, wonderful, marvellous: · Ọ dị̀ ifelē It is shameful: · Ọ dị̀ n’ìwu It is illegal Ife à i mè ọ̀ dị̀ anyaā? This thing you did, how was it? · -dị ànị̀ be humble, low, of low estate, contemptible · -dịba begin to live · -dịbu exist before Ọ dị̀bù àdịbu It has been existing · ọ̀dị̀bù àdịbu something (e.g. habit, custom) that
-dị: aux.v. (probably originates from –dị 1., in Onitsha used only in the negative; it marks the progressive or habitual negative verb forms: Chikē adị̄-àbịa (So) Chike is not coming/does not usually come: Nkịtā adị̄ àta ọjị̄ Dogs never eat kolanuts; adị̄ àma āma perhaps; maybe; in case (lit. one never knows)
-di-de: ext.suff. 1 continuously; persistently; -jedide keep going on · -kwudide continue speaking · -kwụdide continue standing
-dì-dèv: soak; soften: Achị̀chà ị bànyèlụ̀ nà m̀milī n’ụ̀tụtụ̀ èdìdègoThe biscuit you steeped in water in the morning has become soft B. yearn over; be affectionate (lit. soften heart); -dìdè obì A. make to feel sick; cause nausea · (obì) –dìdè feel sick; feel nausea: Obì nà-èdidē m̄ I feel nausea · obì ndidè nausea (caused by indigestion)
-di-nàv: lie down; have sexual intercourse with; sleep with, a woman: A nà-èdinā x A (a man) sleeps with x (a woman); -dinàji onu strain or crick the neck while sleeping: Edīnàjì m̀ onu I strained my neck while sleeping · -dinàkọ have sexual intercourse (lit. lie together) · -dinà mmakpù lie on the stomach · -dinà àba sleep on the back · -dinà nkọ lie on the side · àkwà edinà bed
-dov: set up; make; place; arrange: Kà ànyị doo ife à èdoo Let us arrange this thing properly B. arrange; decorate; -do Agbàlà perform routine sacrifice to the god Agbàlà · -do ajā build a wall · aja ōdido wall · -do àjà place object(s) of sacrifice in a place · -do akanya make thatch · -do alụ̄sị erect a shrine · -do ànị̀ settle a country; establish place · -dogbu kill or spoil by placing · -dogha change; change place of; re-arrange; reverse; turn (something) round · -doghalị change place · -do iru face; turn
-dov: ext. suff. 1. against; fast (in, on) (implies continuity; cf. –do 1.); -gàdo hold firm (with fingers or claws) · -gbabìdo hold up; waylay; intercept (lit. run to a halt against) · -kwụdo stand firm: Òtu ānyị àkwụdosigo ikē Our club is now on a firm basis · -mado stick to: Ọ̀ gịnị̄ màdò gị̀ n’àgbà? What is sticking to your jaw? · -nọ̀do sit on, against: Ị nọ̀dò m̀ n’ụkwụ You are sitting on my foot · -tado grip with teeth: Arụrụ̂ tàdò gị̀ na ntị̀ An ant has got its pin
-dòv: be clear, settled, shady; settle, become clear (of liquids) B. get stout; -dò anya be clear: Ife à dò m̀ anya This thing is clear to me · -dò àrụ A. recuperate · -dò èdò be clear (of liquids) · -dò ǹdò be shady (of place)
-dọv: draw; pull B. have a tug-of-war; ọ̀dịdọ pull(ing) · -dọ aka na ntị̀ advise; warn · -dọ akpịlị̄ long after · -dọbè break off (leaves or stalks of a plant) · -dọbì break off by pulling · -dọchìgha àzụ give a setback to; retard · ndọchìgha āzụ setback: Ǹke à bụ̀ ndọchị̀gha āzụ This is a setback · -dọdo hold fast · -dọ dọọ̀nịdọ̄, pull against one another; have a tug-of-war · dọọ̀lịdọ̄ · -dọgọ̀ pull crooked or wrongly · -dọgbu strangl
-dọv: stay; place; -dọba put down, set down · -dọlụ adọlụ remain; be left over; be stagnant (of water) · -dọlụ kìlìlì be round, spherical (as a ball) · -dọnọ̀, -dọ n’ànị̀ sit down · -dọnọ̀rube sit around · -dọnye lay in; put into · -dọ ọdụ̀ sit down (in speaking to children): Nne m̄ nà-àdọ n’ọdụ̀ akwà màkà nà ọ nà-èbu akwà My mother usually sits at the cloth stall because she deals in clothes
-duv: lead; accompany; òdudu leading; guidance · -du aka help · -dubà introduce; lead in, into · -dufìè mislead · -dufù seduce; lead astray · -duga accompany · -dukọta muster: Dùkọta ndi aghā afụ̀ màkà nnene Muster the troops for inspection · -dulu accompany; seduce · -duna lead; escort home · du onye ìsì lead a blind person · -dupụ̀ lead out; accompany; escort; push off a boat · -duruka lead a little way · -kpa ǹdu wal
-duv: put out (roots, shoots); -du anakā put out shoots, suckers · -dudo take root
-duv: ext. suff. 1. first; beforehand; precede (cf. –godu, and perhaps –du 1.); -kpọtadu bring first (something capable of self-movement) · -wètadu bring first (i.e. bring something before doing something else, or before doing something else to the thing brought): Wètadu yā tupu ị̀ tọghee yā Bring it first before you open it
-dụv: prick; pierce; sew; ọ̀dụdụ pricking; piercing; sewing · -dụ aka poke · -dụgbu pierce · -dụkọ sew together · -dụmi ụnọ̀ construct framework of roof before thatching or fixing the sheets · ndụmì (ụnọ̀) roof framework before thatching or fixing the sheets · -dụ ọfọlọ̀ punt
-dụv: regurgitate; vomit (cf. –gbọ); -dụ adụ retch · -dụ ubìlì belch · -dụ ukòlò belch
-dụ̀v: advise; give advice; -dụ̀ ọdụ̀, ọdụ advise; give advice
-dụ̀v: plant (the stem, cutting of stem or branch, of a plant)

-e: see –a/-e/-ọ/o

-fav: stuff; crowed; squeeze (cf. -fà); -fabà (or -fàbà) squeeze into · -fabàsị (or -fàbàsị) -faghalị stuff, squeeze into (e.g. crowded room) stuff from one position to another · -fanye stuff in between (two objects) · -fata squeeze
-fàv: stuff; crowd; squeeze (cf. -fa); -fàdo stuff, crowd, squeeze in · -fànye aka n’ụkwụ fold hands; clasp hands between knees; sit with one’s hands in one’s lap; sit idle · -fàpụ̀ (or -fapụ̀) ease, by removing some part · -fàpụ̀sị (or -fapụ̀sị) remove with difficulty from a crowded place; squeeze out
-fev: A. fly; B. blow (of wind); fan; flutter; wave; flap Ufèlè nà-èfe ēfe The wind is blowing: Ibe akwà nà-èfe n’ìkùkù The cloth is fluttering in the breeze; òfufe flight (of birds, flies, aeroplanes) · -febà fly in · -febàta fly over into · -fedà fly down · -fedàta fly down (towards) · -fefè fly across · mfefè flying across · -fefèga fly across · -fefù fly away out of sight · -fega fly over to · -fego fly upwards · -feghalị fly about · -fekwu fly to · -fenaba fly home · -feni fly up · mfeni flying up; flight · -feniri fly up; spring up quickly · -feny
-fev: sprinkle; cast; throw (esp. many objects) B. sprinkle water; òfufe sprinkling; casting; throwing · -fedà throw down · -fe mmilī A. drive away rain · -fe mkpụlụ̄ scatter seeds · -fe ǹzà cast lots: E fèlụ̀ ǹzà, ǹz.a wèe ma Òkèchukwu They cast lots; the lot fell on Okechukwu · -fesà sprinkle all over; splash · -fesàsị sprinkle completely
-fèv: worship; serve; òfùfè service; worship; adoration · òfùfè nrù church service; religious worship · -fè alụ̄sị serve a divinity · -fè ànị̀ prepare land for planting by propitiating the spirits concerned · -fèga ọfịa prepare forest for planting by propitiating the spirits concerned · -fè ǹrù pay homage, esp. present gifts in traditional style to ọkpala
-fèv: cross over; pass: O fèlụ̀ mmilī He crossed the river: O fèlụ̀ m n’ụzọ̀ He passed me on the way; òfùfè crossing; passing O fègo He has passed Ogè efègo The time has long passed · -fè èfè be contagious or infectious · -fè ofè be excessive (less common than -ri nnē) · -fè ogwè cross a bridge · -fè okè surpass; pass the bounds · -fètabà cross over (someone else’s area): Ifētàbà okè adị̄rọ mmā Exceeding the limit is not good · -fètaba begin to cross over
-fe-nìv: dry up, wither, become emaciated (of plants or people)
-fiv: wipe by pressing; -fi aka n’anya be wary; be careful · -ficha wipe (smaller amount than -kwọcha) · -fichapụ̀ wipe off: Fichàpụ̀ ètùm dị̄ n’àrụ akwà afụ̀ brush off the dust on that cloth · -fichasị wipe thoroughly · -filì press, rub hard so as to break into pieces; crush with hand or foot
-fiv: support; -fi akwụ̀kwà make a cooking-pot stand · -fido support · -fili support · -fili isi rest the head · ofili isī pillow
-fịv: dry up; wither; -fị afị be withered, shrivelled · -fịkọ dry together · -fịkọ dry together · -fịkpọ, -fịkpa dry up; wither and break · -fịnwụ wither; shrivel up
-fịv: twist; wring; braid; ọ̀fịfị twisting · -fịcha wring · -fịghalị twist · -fị ụ̀dọ̀ braid rope
-fị̀ext. suff.1: in a twisted state; entangled (cf. -fị 2. twist); -tụfị̀ be entangled (also -tụsị̀)
-fịav: be difficult; m̀fịa ārụ adversity; distress; hardship; want; poverty
-fịaext. suff.1: off; -chìfị̀à rub, scrub, off · -kọfịa scratch, pick off
-fiev: bind; tie; gird; òfifie binding · -fie agbụ bind; cord · -fiedo make fast with a cloth or belt: O fìèdò ǹnwa n’ukwù she tied a child on her back · -fiedosi ike tighten · -fiegbu (-figbu) strangle · -fiekọ tie together · -fierube gird, tie around · ife mfiedo girdle; belt
-fiev: demand; -fieta ngọ̀ receive back bride-price from wife’s relations · -fie ụgwọ̄ demand payment of a debt nd
-fìèv: miss (most often used as 2 element in compound verb) Ife afị̄a nne āyị gòtàlụ̀ fìèlụ̀ m The goodies which mother bought missed me
-fịọ, -shọv: make a noise (by large number of people); make tumultuous noise1; -fịọ ụ̀zụ̀ make quarrelsome noise; quarrel noisily; make tumultuous noise = -tụ ụ̀zụ̀
-fov: A. break (of day) B. be open, clear; òfifo, òfufo breaking (of day): Chi èfogo Day has dawned · -fo chi last till dawn; last till the following morning · òfufo chī dawn · -fosà become fully light (of day): Chi ēfosàgo Daylight has come fully · -fosàsị be bright (of daylight): Chi ēfosàsịgo The daylight is bright and strong · chi ōfifo, ōfufo period of daybreak as light grows stronger · -focha clear (a space) · -fochapụ̀ clear away ·
-fov: mention; òfufo mentioning · -fo afà mention; mention name · -fota afà make mention; mention
-fọ: remain; be left over (cf. -gbọ 3.): Ọ̀ fọ̀ mmadụ̀ òne? How many people are left?; -fọdụ be left; remain over · -fọdụga remain in different places · -fọ sọ̀ ọkpụkpụ be very emaciated
-fọ-v: put (in or out); take out from; put, squeeze, insert into (bag, pocket, etc.); -fọnye put, squeeze into pocket, bag, etc.: Ọ nà-àfọnye jī n’ime àkpà He is putting yams into the bag · -fọpụ̀ta take out from pocket, bag, etc.: Ọ mànyèlụ̀ aka n’àkpà fọpụ̀ta ọjị naàbọ̀ He dipped his hand into his pocket and brought out two kolanuts
-fùv: lose; get lost: Akwụkwọ m̄ efùgo My book is lost; òfùfù, mfù loss · -fù èfù lose; go astray; be lost · -fùghalịba wander about · -fumìna be lost in such a way that the probability of being recovered is very low Ego afụ̀ èfumìnago The money has been totally lost · -fùnarị wander from; be lost from: Akwụkwọ m̄ efùnarịgo m̄ I have lost my book (lit. My book is lost from me) · -fùru be lost · -fù ụzọ̀ lose one’s way: · (cid:31) Efùlù m̀ ụzò I lost my
-fụv: see; find (no vowel suffix); ọ̀fụfụ seeing · -fụcha(sị) see all; see clearly · -fụchata be curious, inquisitive · mfụchata curiosity; inquisitiveness · -fụdà see to the end · -fụ ìnyègè see faintly · -fụjọ be evil-disposed to; dislike · -fụkọ see together · -fụlụ discover a fault · -fụlụlụ spy on · -fụmì see to the bottom (lit. and fig.) · -fụ n’anya love; like: Fâ fụ̀lụ̀ ònwe fā n’anya They love each other. Afụ̀lụ̀ m̀ gị̀ n’
-fụv: hurt (intr.) B. be horrified, as by an abomination: Ndị mmadụ̀ àfụjugo anya n’ife nā-eme kịtāà People are horrified by what is happening now; -fụ afụfụ suffer (cf. -ta afụfụ) · -fụju anya A. toil, suffer greatly · -fụsì anya suffer greatly; see too many tribulations · -fụ ụ̀fụ hurt: Ụkwụ nà-àfụ m̄ ụfụMy leg is hurting me
-fụv: peel; -fụ ji peel yam (usu. cooked)
-fụ̀v: blow; puff; swell; -fụ̀cha winnow thoroughly · -fụ̀ ekò blow bellows · -fụ̀kpọ blow until (it) bursts · -fụ̀nye ume inflate · -fụ̀nyụ blow out a light · -fụ̀nwu light fire; kindle by blowing; raise light · -fụ̀nwu ọkụ light a fire by blowing · -fụ̀ ọkụ blow fire · -fụ̀wa puff, burst (as bag)
-fu-fèv: shake; -fufè isi shake the head
-fụ-kọ̀v: crumple; rumple

-gav: A. go; pass; move B. be beyond; be farther off; ọ̀gịga a pass; passing · -ga àzụ be retrogressive, not making good progress · -gaba go on; continue to go; henceforth; thenceforth: Mèlu gàba etu m̄bụ Continue as hitherto! · -gabìdo go in front and intercept · -gabìga (cf. - go in front of; overtake · gafèga) · ngabìga passing over; Passover · -gabulu n’iru go before, carrying something · -gadobe, -gadebe -gadòbe, -gadèbe -gafè stop moving move n
-gav: thread (so as to hold together: Bikō mèghe ụzọ̀ kà nne ānyị wèlu fụ ụzọ̀ ga ife onu# ya Please open the door so as to allow our mother to see well to thread her necklace; -gado hold together · -gado aka hold someone responsible: Ọ gàdò m̀ aka He held me responsible · -gado ezē grip (but not bite into) with teeth · -gakọ thread, string (together)
-gaaux. v: (probably originates from -ga 1.) marks the future verb forms: Chikē gà-àbịa Chike will come (future affirmative): Chikē agā-abịa Chike will not come (future negative): Chikē gà na-ègo jī Chikē will be (habitually) buying yams (future progressive affirmative): Ụzọ̀ kpùchìsị̀lị̀ ụnọ̀ ya, mmilī agā naabā yā Ụzọ roofed his house so that rain might not come in (future progressive negative): Chikē gà-è
-gàv: scratch; -gàdo hold with nails, claws, or teeth · -gà mbọ scratch with nails · -ga-cha take off · -gachata snatch off
-gà-la: be proud; -gàla ngàla be proud
-gà-la: 2.; -gàla ọnụ̄ be dear: Nni gàlàlụ̀ ọnụ n’ebe à Food is dear here · ǹgàla ọ̄nụ dearness
-gbav: move: A. independent movement (i) run B. move (as liquid) (1) flow, run (liquid as subject) B. bring out water, sap, etc. (as tree): Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ị gbaa òdòdo mmilī I want you to water the flowers: A gà-àgba onye dālụ enu# mmilī Water should be poured on the person who has fallen from a height: Anà m̀ èje ọsọ ọ̄sọ ikute mmili a gà-àgba onye dālụ enu I ## am hurrying to bring water to be poured o; -gba àghalā riot; be disorderly; be rascally · -gbabà run into, in; (fig.) trust in; confide: Gbabàanụ̀ ime ụnọ̀ Run (you pl.) into the house · ebe mgbabà refuge · -gbabàta run in, into towards the speaker: Ụmụ̀ akā, gbabàtanụ̀ ime ụnọ̀! Children, run into the house · -gbabè stop running; run out of breath (cf. Mmilī gà-àgbabè n’elekele īsiì The water will stop running at 6 o’clock · -gbabido encl
-gbav: A. shine (of moon only); burn B. (combined with another verb) make bright; do thoroughly: Achọ̀ m̀ kà i figbaa akpụkpọ ụkwụ̄ afụ̀ èfigbaa I want you to give those shoes a thorough polishing; -gba ọkụ burn: (1) trans. ị gà-àgba ụnọ̀ ọkụ ọ bụlụ nà ị kpāchàpụ̀rọ̀ anya You will burn (set fire to) the house if you are not careful (2) intrans. Ụnọ̀ nà-àgba ọkụ̄ The house is burning (on fire) · -lụgba do thoroughly: Ọ sị̀ nà nya gà-àlụgba ọlụ̄ afụ̀ àlụgba She said that she was going to do the work thoroughly
-gbav: bend; -gbagọ̀ bend; make crooked · mgbagọ̀ crookedness; sinuousness; bending · -me mgbagọ̀ be bent, crooked, curved: Osisi ǹke à mèlụ̀ mgbagọ̀ This stick is bent · -gbagọ̀ àgbagọ̀ be bent · -gba ngị̀lị̀gọ̀ be circuitous; have many bends · -gba ngọ̀ A. be bent, crooked, curved: Mkpịsị̄ ǹke à gbàlụ̀ ngọ̀ n’ọnụ̄ This spike is bent towards the tip: ǹke à bụ̀ ụzọ̄ gbālụ ngọ̀ This is a crooked path · -gba ngọ
-gbav: speak (in certain special ways); -gba aka ebē bear witness; stand surety · -gba àmà act as informer; bear witness (in bad sense); reveal secrets; betray · -gbabu okwu speak all together: Wèlụ nwayọ̀ọ̀ na-èkwu, rapụ̀ ịgbābu okwu Speak a bit more slowly and stop jumbling your words · -gbagha contradict; argue · onye mgbagha argumentative person · -gba ìzù take counsel together; whisper · -gbakpò ìzù plot secretly against someone ·
-gbav: tie; twine round; make basketwork frame; ọ̀gbam̀bùlù anything round
-gbav: remain in a state; -gbachi ǹkịtị̀ keep silence; refrain from answering; endure; · -gba duu keep silence; refrain from answering; endure; tolerate · -gba enu be shallow: · # Mmilī afụ̀ gbàlụ̀ enu# The stream is shallow · -gba ghòlòghòlò be watery · -gba ǹkịtị̀ keep silence; refrain from answering (cf. -gba duu) · -gba m̀fe relieve; lesson; be light · -gba nke lie in wait · -gba nlò be soft; be watery (esp. of food) ·
-gbav: take meal; -gba àzị̀ take food, eat (esp. in early morning) · -gba (àzị̀) anyàsị̀ -gba (àzị̀) efìfìè take supper take lunch · -gba àzị ụ̄tụtụ̀, -gba ụ̄tụtụ̀ take breakfast · -gbacha afele clean the plate (of food) · -gbapụ̀ àzị ụ̄tụtụ̀ take breakfast (usu. a light one and taken in a hurry); just breakfast
-gbav: sprout; spring out, up; grow out; -gba àfụ̀ ọnụ̄ grow beard, moustache · -gba akụ grow pubic hair · -gba m̀kpọ̀lọ̀gwụ̀ -gbado take root take root · m̀kpọ̀lọ̀gwụ̀(gwụ̀) -gbakasị make spots or scars on · ọ̀gbakasị any disease that has spots that leave scars (chickenpox, smallpox, etc.) · -gbamì send roots deep · m̀kpọ̀lọ̀gwụ̀(gwụ̀) -gbanye be rooted in; be connected with a place by birth · m̀kpọ̀lọ̀gwụ̀(gwụ̀) -gba ome send out shoot
-gbav: buy, pawn (person); buy (land, tree, e.g. palm tree, etc.); -gba afịa trade · -gbalụ recover pawn or pledge · -gba mmadụ̀ buy, pawn person: Mmadụ̀ adā àgbazị ibè ya n’ogè kịtāà People no longer buy each other nowadays · -gba ngọ̀ reckon up bride price · -gbapụ̀ redeem; ransom · -gbapụ̀ n’orù redeem from slavery, servitude · -gbapụ̀ta redeem; ransom · mgbapụ̀ta ransom; redemption
-gbav: change; spoil; pollute; -gbadùba make dull; becloud · -gbadùba iru frown; scowl; make sour face; grimace · -gbaka go sour; stale (of soup, palm wine, etc.); be spoilt (of person); be grieved, sullen · -gbalụ̀ foul; defile; be defiled, polluted (as when water containing sediment, standing in a jar, is stirred, or when the water of the stream is polluted by the activities of fish) · mgbalụ̀ pollution (of liquids) · obì mgb
-gbav: stop up; close; enclose; obstruct by moving; open; -gbabìdo enclose (esp. with fence); encircle; ambush; waylay · -gbachi foil; counteract; supplant; stop up (e.g. road or gap); lock door; shut box or window; fence: Gbàchie ụzọ̀ Lock the door: Ọ nà-àbụ ebe ọ̄bụnà mụ èjènà ịchọ̄ ọlụ, Agụ̄ èjee gbachie nà ya Wherever I go in search of a job, Agụ goes there to mar my success: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ mà ị gbachie āzụ ụnọ̄ ānyị I want you to erect a fence to scree
-gbav: lean; -gbabe lean; be leaning against: Òfu ọbē gbàbè n’ajā A ladder is leaning against the wall · -gbabebe (causative of) · -gbabe lean something against somewhere: Bikō gbàbebe ọbē n’enu ajā Please lean the ladder against the wall
-gbav: cultivate (cassava and other plants propagated by cuttings); -gba n’ugbō cultivate adjoining farms; be farm neighbours
-gbàv: A. lie across B. spread (across, as mat, cloth, etc.); lie (across): Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ị gbàa akwà n’enu àkwà I want you to spread cloth on the bed C. spread (as of cloud over view); becloud; become dark; -gbàchi block by lying across · -gbàdo hold to the ground (by lying across, as wrestler); pin down · -gbàgha turn round (esp. of a boat) · -gbàba spread (as mats, etc.) · -gbà ufìè lie across or crosswise · -gbà anya ọ̄chịchịị̄ -gbàchi dim the vision be cloudy, dark, gloomy, lowering · -gbà ọ̀chịchịị̄ be dark, get dark
-gbàv: give a hand in carrying; ọ̀gbụ̀gbà carrying: Bikō nyèlụ m̄ aka ịgbàlụ̀ ewu e kēlụ eke dī n’ime ụkpā à n’ụnwà jee n’ụgbọ Please help me to carry the tied goat in this basket to the lorry
-gbàv: wear any kind of ring or anklet, etc., on any part of the body (the object, of any material, must go round the particular part of the body); -gbà elili wear strings round ankles · -gbà ugègbè anyā m̀gbà akā, mgba akā wear glasses ring
-gbàv: A. grow big or strong; grow, become stout; come of age; be fully-grown: M̀kpi gbàlụ̀ àgbà The he-goat is fully-grown B. be so many years old, ago; ọ̀gbụ̀gbà maturity · -gbà àrụ be stout · -gbà òkolobị̀à become adolescent (of man) · -gbà ọkpụkpụ become physically stronger (of growing young person) (lit. toughen bones) · -gbà ume encourage (lit. strengthen the heart) · -gbà arọ̀ be a year old; be so many years old: Nnwa afụ̀ agbàgo arọ̀ ìse The child is five years old · m̀gbà arọ̀ a year (ago) · m̀gbà arọ̀ naàbọ̀ two years (ago): Ọ dị̄go m̀gbà
-gba 11.v: be without; -gba aka be empty-handed; go without · -gba aka nnwā be childless: Ọ̀kụkọ̄ ji ofû gbà aka nnwā A hen with one chicken is childless · -gba aka ọlụ̄ be unemployed · -gba aka ọ̄kpọrọ be empty-handed
-gbà 3.v: A. join; pair; add B. arithmetic; addition B. mate (mammals); wed; marry; -gbàkọ reckon; reckon up; take account of; count; add · mgbàkọ A. joining; seam; collection; joining together, gathering, flowing together (of liquids) · -gbàkwụnye add to; enlarge (e.g. a house) by addition of more rooms; extend · -gbàkwụnye ụnọ̀ enlarge, extend house (by adding more rooms at either or both ends or sides); Anà m̀ agbàkwụnye ụnọ̀ m ụnọ̄ ụ̄la naàbọ̀ I am enlarging my house by two m
-gbà 5.v: force to drink liquid (e.g. drug, water, wine, etc.); -gbàgbu suffocate; choke; drown · -gbà iyī bind with an oath; adjure · -gbà mmanya make drunk · (manya) · -gbà mmilī force to drink water (e.g. primitive way of feeding baby); force to drink water by pushing the victim under water
-gba 8.v: cut; -gba akpụkpọ flay · -gba amụ̀ castrate · -gbacha isi trim the hair (of head) · -gba mbọ pare nails (cf. -be mbọ)
-gba-v: crack; split; snap; break; -gbabè snap asunder; cut; (fig.) die suddenly or unexpectedly: Elili àgbabègo The rope has snapped: · (cid:31) Òfu nwa ikolobị̀à gbabèèlụ̀ ebe à ǹnyàafù A young man died here suddenly yesterday · -gbabo break; break off part of wall, ground or anything of that consistency, such as anthill, mud seat, etc.: Wèlụ nwayọ̀ọ̀ màkà ị gbābo ajā Be careful lest you break off the wall · -gbabo ànị̀ kick up t
-gba-v: be fixed; fix; -gbado fix; stick (as an arrow); hold tightly; choke; take by the throat; compress by pressing fingers firmly on: Ọgè Èke nà Ọnyị̀do nà-anụ̄ ọ̀gụ̀ n’ụ̀tụtụ̄ ǹnyàafụ̀ Ọnyị̀do butùe Èke n’ànị̀ gbado yā aka n’àkpịlị̄ When Èke and Ọnyị̀do were fighting yesterday, Ọnyị̀do threw Eke to the ground and squeezed his throat with his fingers · -gbado anya fix the eye on; persevere; be diligent; e.g. (greetin
-gba-v: turn; -gbaghalị stir; turn round · -gbaghalị egō (exchange money) · -gbaghalị nni stir food · -gbakụ̀ta āzụ turn the back on · -gba ntị̀ probe the ear
-gba-lị̀v: be slender, slim; -gbalị̀ àgbalị̀ be slender, slim · -me mgbalị̀ be slender, slim
-gba-zèv: melt; change consistency of
-gbev: crawl; move stealthily; ògbugbe crawling · -gbebà creep in; encroach · -gbechìgha crawl back · -gbe egbe move stealthily, stalk · -gbefè crawl over, past · -gbe igbē, igbe crawl (like children) · -gbelèghalị loiter, creep (about) · -gbenata crawl home · -gbepụ̀ta crawl out · mgbelè stealthy walking; slow, snail-paced walk
-gbèv: mix, prepare (e.g. custard, cornflour, starch, or anything which thickens in hot water); -gbè àkàmù mix, prepare liquid pap: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ igbè àkàmù I want to prepare hot pap · -gbè àrụ tire completely (make body soft, weak, like pap)
-gbòv: A. prevent (aggravation); stop; staunch (blood); check or relieve, prevent (disease); protect: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ị gbòo ọ̄gbụgbọ ife sī n’ọkụ nà-àgbọ I want you to check the bubbling of the thing on the fire B. cover in order to prevent; cover; ògbùgbò preventing · -gbòbì part; prevent from fighting · -gbòchi prevent; hinder · -gbò mkpà relieve need; satisfy want; suffice; be useful: Igwè Nnā āyị zụtaalụ m n’arọ̄ gālụ aga nà-egbòlụ m̄ nnukwu mkpà n’arọ̄ à màkà nà ọ bụ̀ ya kà m jìzì èje akwụkwọ n’ụnọ̀ akwụkwọ m̄ọfụụ̄ tēlụ aka ri nnē The bicycle bought for me by our father last year is very useful to me this year, because it is the bicycle
-gbọv: A. vomit; ọ̀gbụgbọ vomit (n.) · -gbọ agbọọ̄ vomit (vomit): Ọ gịnị̄ kpàtàlụ̀ ị jì àgbọ agbọọ̄ n’ụ̀tụtụ̀? Why were you vomiting in the morning? · -gbọpụ̀ vomit out · -gbọtọ̀ vomit and leave the mess
-gbọv: bark; roar: Anụ̀lụ̀ m̀ ogè nkịtā nà-àgbọ ọ̀dụ̀m nā-agbọ n’ọ̀zàlà I heard when the dog was barking at the lion that was roaring in the wilderness; -gbọjà shout at suddenly (so as to frighten) · -gbọ ụ̀jà bark; roar
-gbọv: remain; be over (cf. -fọ 1.); -gbọ agbọ remain over; be left · -gbọfọ remain over; be spare
-gbọv: break off (forcibly and roughly) B. prune (tree); break off with force (e.g. as tree branch breaking during a storm); -gbọkàpụ̀ A. cut up meat · -gbọkwo pluck (unripe fruit); miscarry (esp. of animals, but also of humans) · -gbọkwopụ̀ break off; pluck off; miscarry (very severe and accidental) · -gbọwa split; hew (wood) · mgbọwa crack; spliting · -gbọwapụ̀ split up
-gbọv: boil (of water); bubble; foam; froth: M̀milī nà-àgbọ The water is boiling; ọ̀gbụgbọ foaming · -gbọ àgbọ steam and bubble: Ìtè nà-àgbọ āgbọ The pot is steaming and bubbling · -gbọ ụ̀fụfụ̀ foam; froth
-gbọ-tọ̀, -gba-tọ̀v: lay down: Ebe à kà ọ gbọ̄tọ̀lụ̀ òkpu m nà-àchọ It is here that he abandoned the hat I was looking for
-gbuv: A. kill; cut; chop B. till (something hard) B. intoxicate; ògbugbu m̄madụ̀ -gbu afịfịa manslaughter; murder clear weeds · -gbu akwụ cut palm fruit · -gbubè cut off, across; chop off: Gbubèe yā isi Cut off his head, or Behead him: Egbubègo m̄agwọ afụ̀ ị̀bụ̀ọ I have cut the snake into two # · -gbucha cut side of something; trim hedges; peel bark · -gbudo cut and place; fix firmly · -gbudo anya perceive; observe · -gbu egbugbu tattoo; mark · -gbufo hack a wa
-gbuv: plant (tubers)
-gbuv: blow (musical instrument); -gbu òkpòlòfifìè whistle: Ụ̀fọdụ mbà nà-àsọ igbu òkpòlòfifìè nsọ Some towns forbid # whistling · -gbu òpì blow horn, bugle · -gbu ọ̀jà blow flute, whistle: Afụ̀lụ̀ m̀ ndị nā-egbu ọ̀jà I saw some people playing flutes
-gbuv: build, lay, mud wall; -gbu aja ụnọ̀ build walls of mud building
-gbuv: place (knees, elbows) against; -gbudo ǹkù akā place the elbows against: Egbudozina ǹkù akā n’enu oche nnī Stop putting your # elbows on the table · -gbu ikpèlè kneel: Bị̀anụ̀ kà ànyị gbue ikpèlè n’ànị̀ O come and let us kneel down · -gbu ikpèlè ụkwụ̄ fall on one’s knees; kneel
-gbuv: coat, permeate (as paint, oil, dye, etc.); -gbu nchà soap oneself · -gbu ùlì mark parts of the body with ùlì
-gbuv: flash; glitter; shine; -gbu fị̀àfị̀à flash; glitter · -gbu ìnyège ìnyègè -gbuke glisten (as water or glass in sun) shine · -gbu màlàmàlà shine; glitter
-gbuv: hurt; -gbu m̀gbu hurt; cause pain: Ụkwụ nà-ègbu m̄mgbu My leg is hurting me · -gbu m̀gbu obì pain in the heart · àrụ m̄gbu pains; difficulty; agony; illness · ife m̄gbu ailment
-gbụv: shed (leaves); remove: Ọjị̄ dị̄ n’iru ụnọ̄ ānyị nà-àgbụ akwụkwọ The iroko tree in the front of our house is shedding its leaves B. be shed (leaves); -gbụ àgbụ A. be slippery, slip on or off (of rings, bracelets) · -gbụcha shed leaves; slip; be slippery · -gbụcha ọnụ̄ wash, rinse mouth: Ogē ọ̀bụ̀nà ị tàsị̀lị̀ atụ gba mbọ̀ gbụ̀chaa ọnụ̄ gị Whenever you finish using your chewing stick, try and rinse your mouth · -gbụchapụ̀ slip off; be out of joint · -gbụ m̀gbụ shed leaves; strip: Osisi dị̄ nà m̀bala afị̄a adị̄ àgbụ m̄gbụ The tree in the market p
-gbụ̀v: lose appetite for; have eaten sufficiently and want no more off; be fed up: Nnī gbụ̀lụ̀ m I have no appetite for food (in general): Elīgo m̄ ji ogonogo ọgè; kịtāà ọ gbụ̀go m̄ I have eaten yam for a long time; now I am fed up with it (specific cause - monotony); -gbụ̀ àgbụ̀ be fed up; have lost appetite for; have no appetite for: Ụ̀dị ọlụ̄ à nà-agbụ̄ àgbụ̀ ọsọ ọ̄sọ This kind of work quickly becomes boring
-gè 1.v: listen; -gè ntị̀ listen
-ghav: A. change (usu. for worse); turn; alter; turn round B. toss about before dying B. followed by -lị, used as suffix meaning ‘about’; ọ̀ghụgha, ọ̀ghịgha change, turning (usu. for worse) aya ọ̄ghụgha, enu ọ̄ghụgha, ife ọ̄ghụgha changing of state of things for the worse, esp. in social matters, fashion, etc.: Ọ bụ̀ aya ọ̄ghụgha mèlụ̀ nà ụmụ̀ àgbọghọ̀ nà-èjizi akā fa arọ̀lụ di sọ̄lụ fa It is the changing of the state of things for the worse that has brought about marriageable girls choosing their husbands by themselves · -gha agha
-ghav: scatter, throw (broadcast); sow (broadcast); ọ̀ghụgha scattering: · Anà m̀ èje ịghā osè -gha mkpụlụ̄ I am going to sow pepper seeds (broadcast) sow seeds (broadcast) · -gha mkpụlụ osisi -ghasà sow seeds (broadcast) sow by scattering; scatter
-ghàv: pass; overtake; leave; surpass; let alone; leave off; fail; ọ̀ghụ̀ghà passing, etc. Ghàa yā aka Leave him alone! Ụgbọ afụ̀ ghàlụ̀ àyị nà Nnoòbì The car overtook us at Nnoobi · -ghàgbu leave someone far behind: Ndị mmụ nà fa yị̀bido ijè aghàgbugo m̄ The people I started the journey with have left me far behind · -ghàlụ = -ghà · -gbaghà overshoot (one’s target)
-gha-lị: see –gha 1.B.
-ghev: be open; open; yawn; gape; -ghekpọ yawn; pant · -ghe oghe, -ghe be open: · oghē Ụzọ̀ ghè oghē The door is open · -ghe ughelē yawn · -kwùghe open; take off lid or cover: Bikō kwùghee ìtè Please uncover the pot · oghē opening · oghele opening; opportunity
-ghev: fry; òghighe frying · -ghekpọ fry dry · -ghe ògèdè fry plantains · anụ ōghighe fried meat · anụ eghēleghe fried meat
-ghèv: be properly cooked; òghìghè being properly cooked · -ghèdè cook very soft (esp. of carbohydrate food) · -ghèkpọ̀ cook properly (esp. of meat, fish); be well cooked · -sighè cook properly
-ghè-liv: cut into pieces: Ghelìe anụ afụ̀ Cut that meat into pieces; -jeghèli wander about at random · -meghèli fool about
-ghọv: A. go wrong; miss; be mistaken B. show a loss; ọ̀ghụghọ mistaking · -ghọ aghọ be a mistake; show a loss: Ibè akpāchàpụ̀rọ̀ anya wèlụ gbu ewu m̄madụ̀ kamà ọ ghọ̀lụ̀ yà àghọ Ibe did not deliberately kill another man’s goat; it was a mistake · ọ̀ghọm̄ mistake; mishap · -ghọ afịa suffer loss in trade: Àda àkwụsigo m̄gbele azụ̀ màkà nà ọ ghọ̄go yā afịa Ada has stopped her fish trade because it has shown a loss · ọ̀ghọm̄ loss
-ghọv: A. catch (object falling from a height or thrown) B. pick, pluck fruit C. collect dripping liquid Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ ijī afele wèlụ ghọta mmili na-ātụsịsị n’ànị̀ I want to use a plate to collect the water dripping on the floor D. understand; ọ̀ghụghọ catching: Anà m̀ èje ịghọ̄ ife ọ nà-àchọ ịtụ̄pụ̀lụ̀ m̀ site n’enu osisi I am going to catch what he is going to drop for me from the top of the tree · -ghọdo catch something falling · -ghọlụ = -ghọ catch: Ghọ̀lụ ife ọ nà-àchọ ịtụ̄pụ̀lụ̀ gị Catch what he is going to throw to you · -ghọta pick; pluck; snatch at · -ghọdo understand well: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ị ghọdo ife m nà-èkwu ọ̀fụma I want you
-ghọ̀v: change, develop into; become; ọ̀ghụ̀ghọ̀ changing · -ghọ̀lụ change, develop into; become: Akpụkpa dị̄ n’àrụ Īwu aghọ̀lụgo ọyà ọcha The rash on Iwu’s body has developed into leprosy
-ghọ̀v: play trick; trick; work deceit: Kèdụ ife ị nà-aghọ̀ ebe afụ̀? What trick are you up to there?; -ghọ̀ aghụ̀ghọ̀ be cunning; deceive; work deceit; play trick; trick · -ghọ̀do trick someone into missing something elsewhere · -ghọ̀gbu confuse, play trick on someone · -ghọ̀lị ‘deceive’ by exerting pre-natal influence on child to resemble oneself. If a pregnant woman keeps constant company with another person, during much of the pregnancy, the child is very likely to resemble that person when bor
-ghuv: cook; boil (cf. -si); òghughu cooking: Gịnị̄ kà ị nà-àchọ ighu# ? What are you preparing to boil?
-ghụv: (cf. -gwọ̀) pluck out; extract (e.g. like eyes); remove, scoop (e.g. coconut flesh from shell); ọ̀ghụghụ plucking out; extraction: Ì jèkọ̀ ịghụ̄ m anya? Are you going to pluck out my eye? · -ghụlụ pluck out; extract (and take away)
-ghụv: bath
-gi-de, -ji-de, -deext. suff.1: against:; -kwugide speak against: Fa nà-èkwugide yā èkwugide They are speaking against him · -megide act against · -nwụde seize; throw in wrestling; catch (e.g. thief) red-handed
-gov: buy; hire (men, things); -gokọ buy together · -gokọlụ buy all · -golu buy; hire (things) · -gote buy from · -gotelụ buy for someone
-goinfl. suff: (perfect marker): Ọ nātago He has arrived: Ọ gwụ̄go It has finished: Ị̀ pụ̀tago ụ̄la Good morning (lit. Have you come out of the sleeping room?)
-goext. suff. 1: upwards (related to ngō, upper part): Ụmụ̀ akwụkwọ nà-akwàgo motō Ōbelē enu ugwu Students # are pushing Obele’s car up the hill.: Afụ̀ m̀ Obelē kà ọ nà-àgbago ụzọ̀ ụnọ̀ akwụkwọ I saw Obele going upwards in the direction of the school.: Afụ̀ m̀ Obelē kà ọ nà-àlịgo ajā I saw Obele climbing up the wall
-gòv: make a noise; -gò akwa bewail; lament · -gòli rejoice; make a joyful noise
-gọv: deny; -gọ àgị̀gọ̀, àgụ̀gọ̀ deny (a fact) · -gọ agọ deny · -gọnarị deny (knowledge of something)
-gọv: worship; -gọ alụ̄sị worship a deity · -gọ ọjị offer kolanuts to the ancestors or deities · -gọ mmụọ̄ worship spirits (by presenting kolanuts) Fâ nà-àgọ mmụọ̄ They are worshipping spirits · ịgọ̄mmụọ worshipping spirits
-gọv: bless B. female name; -gọ ọ̀fọ bless with ọ̀fọ, the symbol of authority · -gọzi bless; invoke a blessing · ngọzi A. blessing
-gọ̀v: be related by marriage; -gọ̀ ọgọ̀ perform duties of a relation by marriage · ọgọ̀ in-law; relative by marriage · ọgọ̀ nwaànyị̀ mother-in-law; female relative by marriage · ọgọ̀ nwokē father-in-law; male relative by marriage
-gọ̀ext. suff. 1: make, be bent (cf. ngọ̀ crookedness); -dọgọ̀ pull crooked · -tigọ̀ bend by beating: Ụzụ nà-ètigọ̄ m̄kpịsị̄ The blacksmith is beating the spike to bend it
-go-du: ext.suff. first; beforehand; preceding (cf. -du 3.): Bị̀àgodu fụ̄ m̄tupu ị̀ jebe afị̄a Come and see me first before going to the market: Chèegodu! Wait first!
-go-siv: show O gōsigo ōnwe yā He has shown himself (in his true colours): Ọ nà-èje igōsi ya ụnọ̄ Ọ̄fọ He is going to show him Ọfọ’s house; ngosi revelation; show · -mụ̀gosi teach: Ọ nà-amụ̀gosi yā etu e sì egbē àkàmù He is teaching him how liquid pap is prepared
-gu: see -gwu
-gụ: see -gwụ
-gụv: count; read; ọ̀gụgụ figures; number(s); counting; reading; recitation · ọnụ ọ̄gụgụ numbering; the Book of Numbers (Bible) · -gụdà read through · -gụfìè misread · -gụkọta add up; reckon; count · -gụmì read deeply · -gụnwụ̀ read again · -gụnye add; reckon; count in: fị̀ gụnyego fā? Have you counted them in the group? · -gụnye nà reckon as; account · -gụ ọnụ̄ count; reckon · -gụpụ̀ count out · -gụsi ike read out
-gụ̀v: give name to; name; -gụ̀ afà name; give a name · agụ̀ namesake
-gụ̀v: embrace; grip; enclose in arms
-gụ-v: desire; like; want; need (with thing desired or needed as subject); -gụ agụụ̄ hunger; desire; long for · (agụụ̄) -gụ be hungry · (mmilī) -gụ be thirsty: Mmilī nà-àgụ yā She is thirsty · (ndụ̀) -gụ want to live · (ọnwụ) -gụ want to die: fị̀ chọrọ̄ ịchàlụ̀ motò ọ̀fụma, ọ dị̀ kà ọnwụ ọ̀ nà-àgụ gị̄? You don’t want to give way properly to the lorry; it seems you want to die?
-gụ-v: bring; fetch; pick out; -gụpụ̀ta rescue (from fire or water: Ọ gụpụ̀tàlị̀ yà nà m̀milī He rescued him from drowning · -gụta ọkụ fetch fire
-gụ̀-gụ̀v: soothe, hush, comfort (e.g. small child): Ọ nà-àgụgụ̄ yā akwa She is soothing (the baby) to make it stop crying; -gụ̀gụ̀ta soothe; comfort; soothe to make stop crying (small child)
-gwav: tell (no vowel suffix): Gwa m̄ife mēlụ ị bị̄arọ ụ̀nyàafụ̀ Tell me why you did not come yesterday: Ọ chọ̀ igwā m ịfe He wants to tell me something; ọ̀gwụgwa telling · -gwagbu slander (a person) to death; curse bitterly · -gwaghalị tell again · -gwakwụlụ reply · -gwa okwu address · -gwata hint to a person
-gwav: mix; ọ̀gwụgwa mixing · -gwa agwa mix · -gwa gàrị mix gari · -gwa mmanya mix wine with water or other wine · -gwazi mix properly
-gwav: revenge; avenge; -gwa ọchụ̀ pull apart · -kụgwa revenge, avenge a beating · -megwa revenge; avenge (lit. do back): Agà m̀ èmegwa yā ịfe ọ mēlụ m I will take vengeance for what he did to me · -tigwa revenge; avenge beating (lit. beat back): Ọ bụlụ nà o tie gị̄ ịfe, tìgwalụ yā If he beats you, beat him back
-gwev: pound, grind (usu. dry objects); ògwugwe pounding · -gwelì pound well · -gwe ọkà pound corn · -gwesị pound all · ǹgwe grinder; apparatus, machine for grinding
-gwòext. suff. 1: into pieces (something harder than -lì); -gbugwò cut open (pot, etc.), till (something hard) · -tigwò break into pieces (e.g. iron pot)
-gwọv: mix; cure; ọ̀gwụgwọ curing · -gwọ nsị work sickness or death by means of magic or poison · -gwọ ọgụ̀, ọgwụ̀ make poison or medicine · -gwọ ọyà cure disease · -gwọ ụla keep oneself awake by using kolanuts, drugs, etc. dibị̀à ọkpụ̀lụ ọ̄gwọọ! praise name for a native doctor (lit. doctor who cures as soon as he sips). Native doctors sometimes sip or chew certain medicines in the mouth, then spit it on any part o
-gwọv: sit with the lower limbs twisted and drawn up, as a lame person or as Moslems during prayer; sit with the lower limbs drawn up (usually on the floor); -gwọlụ be seated on flat surface (e.g. floor) and unable to stand · -gwọ ǹgwụlọ̄ sit with the lower limbs drawn up (like a lame person, usually on the floor) (cf. -kụ̀ ǹgwụlọ̄) · ǹgwọ̀lụ̀ ǹgwọlụ, (slang) food prepared by mashing together different kinds of · ǹgwọ̀lụ̀ǹgwọ food (e.g. · akpụ a gwọ̄lụ agwọ shredded cassava mashed with ụkwà or òkwè)
-gwọ̀v: scrape, scoop out (cf. -ghụ); ọ̀gwụ̀gwọ̀ scraping; scooping out · -gwọ̀ ofe take all the meat, etc., of soup at expense of others
-gwùv: swim; ògwùgwù swimming · -gwufè swim across · -gwù mmilī swim
-gwùv: play; -gwù egwu play · -gwùli egwu play about · ngwùli play; fun · -gwùso egwu play with someone
-gwu, -guv: dig; ògwugwu digging · -gwufìè dig in the wrong direction · -gwumì dig deep inside · -gwu ọba make a barn of yams · -gwupụ̀te dig up · -gwurube dig around: Ọ nà-ègwurube ànị̀ n’ukwù osisi He is digging holes around the tree · -gwute dig up: · -gute ji harvest yams · -gwù unyì dig, mine coal
-gwụ, gụv: finish; ọ̀gwụgwụ ending (cf. ngwụsị) · -gwụcha finish; end · -gwụfọ finish, leaving a little quantity: Ọ gụ̄fọgo It is just about to run out · -gwụ ike tire; be weary; be tired; have one’s energy sapped: Ife à àgwụgo m̄ike I am tired of this thing, or, This thing has tired me · -gwụsị finish · ngwusị ending (cf. ọ̀gwụgwụ): Ọ gà-àbịa ebe à na ngwụsị arọ̀ She will come here towards the ending of the year ·

-jev: go; walk; òjije going; walking · -je agha go to war; be recruited into army · -jechi anya be punctual · -jedebe stop walking; end a journey · njedebe end; finish; terminus · isi njedebe end; finish · -jedèbe go near · -jedide keep going on · -jefù go astray; err; get lost when walking, travelling · -jegbu denounce; betray · -jeghalị walk about · -je ijè walk; go on a journey · -jekọ meet; encounter; walk to
-jev: wear; -jelụ akwà put on clothes; gird · -jepụ̀ untie (wrapper)
-jiv: break; snap:; Mkpọ afụ̀ èjigo The walking-stick has broken · òjiji breaking; snapping
-jiv: A. be dark (of day) B. be black, dark (of colour); (chi) -jibìdo benighted: Chî jibìdòlù ànyị n’ụzọ̀ We were benighted on the way · -jimì be very dark · Chi èjimìgo It is the dead of night (cf. Chi èjigo Night has fallen (about 8 - 10 p.m.)) · -ji eji be ripe (esp. of ùbe) · -ji ǹji be black, dark · -ji oji be black, dark-coloured · ife nsiji dye
-jiv: dress; -ji ejiji adorn; dress; equip · -jikwa dress properly; get ready
-jìv: take; hold; use B. maintain discipline; -jì aka expect; hope; be confident: Ejì m̀ aka nà ị gà-àbịa I hope you will come · -jìde hold; grasp · -jìkelụ prepare; make ready · -jìkọ aka join hands in marriage · -jìkọta join together · njìkọ(ta) joining together · -jìkọta ọnụ̄ A. join together · -jì nchèkwube have confidence; be confident; hope · -jì ọ̀fọ be in the right; be innocent · -jì ọsọ rush: Ejì m̀ ọsọ wèe bịa ebe à I rushed to get
-jị̀v.?: be tough
-ji-de: see -gi-do
-jì-jèv: mimic; mock (= -zì-zò); njijè mimicry; mockery
-jìgìdan: beads worn round waist by women for ornament (<H. jìgìdaa)
-jọv: fear; -jọ ụjọ̄ fear; be afraid; be cowardly, timid (less common than -tụ egwù) · -jọ ụjọ akwụkwọ play truant: Onye nkuzi àyị jọ̀lụ̀ ụjọ akwụkwọ n’ogè ọ dị̀ nà nwatà Our teacher played truant when he was a child
-juv: be full; fill; òjuju being full · -ju afọ be satisfied, satisfy: Okwu à ejūrọ m afọ I am not satisfied with this case (statement) · -ju aka be plentiful · -ju anya surprise; be admired; astonish: O jù m̀ anya It astonished me · -ju eju fill; be full: O jù èju It is full: Chùjue ìtè afụ̀ Fill that pot with water · -jupụ̀ta be full (up) · -jupụ̀ta n’ọnụ̄ be full to the brim: Ìtè afụ̀ jupụ̀tàlụ̀ n’ọnụ̄ The pot is f
-jụv: ask; ọ̀jụjụ asking · -jụ ajụ̀jụ ask question · -jụ àsè, èsè inquire, ask about: Ajụ̀ m̀ àsè i I asked about you · -jụ ọ̀rà ask after welfare: Anà m̀ àjụ màkà ọ̀rà I’m asking about the welfare of the people · -jụpụ̀ta ascertain; find out · ajụ̀jụ a question
-jụv: refuse; reject: Ọ jụ̄go ndi enyì ya He has given up his friends; ọ̀jụjụ refusing; rejecting · -jụ àjụ refuse: Ajụ̀ m̀ fà àjụ I refused them
-jụv: be cool, calm; -jụ àrụ purify by sacrifice · -jụnata become cool (e.g. of food) · -jụ oyī be cold, cheerless, miserable, deserted, disheartened: · Àrụ jụ̀lụ̀ ya oyī He is cold, miserable

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-kav: surpass; exceed; be more than; be superior to: Ị̀nọ kà ị̀tọ Four is more than three: Ọ kà m n’ọkwa He is senior to me: Ọ kà m ogonogo He is taller than me: Uchè ya kà afọ̀ ya He is advanced (in intelligence) for his age; ọ̀kịka surpassing; being bigger than · -ka aka be greater, stronger (than) · -kachasị surpass entirely; be pre-eminent · -kalị be more (than); surpass; excell · -ka mmā be better than: Ùdo kà agha mmā Peace is better than war: Ọnwụ kà ife ifelē mmā Death is better than dishonour · -kasị be greatest · -kasị akasị be pre-eminent · aka ịkā aka be stronger than (lit. hand to be greater than hand)
-kav: be hard, strong, firm, dry, mature, ripe (in firmness; contrast); -cha be ripe as shown by change of colour) (of yam, cassava, corn, coconut); (fig.) be bold, brave, determined · -ka aka be hard, ripe, firm · -ka anya be bold, confident · -ka àrụ be strong, fearless, headstrong · -kaba àrụ try hard; strive · -kachi ntị̀ be stubborn, wilful, disobedient · -ka obì be bold, brave, determined: Ọ bụ̀ sọ̀ọsọ̀ ndi kālụ obì nà-èje ebe a nà-enì ozū n’anyàsị̀ Only bold pe
-kav: be old, worn out, torn, rent, tattered; hence, apart, asunder (as result of tearing or cutting); -ka nka tear; decay; grow old; wear out: · ụnọ̀ kalụ nka thatched house which is leaking as a result of the mats being spoilt: Nnā Īlo àkago nkā Ilo’s father has grown old · -kakpọ wear thin (of cloth) · -bèka cut asunder · -bìka cut asunder · -dọka be torn (by pulling); tear · -sèka tear by pulling · -sèkapụ̀ break off by pulling: Ọ chọ̀ isēkàpụ̀ òfu aka ewī She wants to tear off one foreleg of t
-kav: be stupid, foolish; -kaghè talk, act foolishly · -kakwù be stupid, foolish: Ị nà-àkakwū akakwù You are being stupid · nkakwù stupidity; foolishness
-kaaux. v: marks the negative perfect and the unfulfilled verb forms: Chikē akà ègorọ jī Chike has not bought yams (negative perfect): Chikē àka na-ègo jī Chike should (habitually) be buying yams (but he is not doing so) (unfulfilled): M̀milī àka èzògo Rain should have fallen (but it didn’t)
-kàv: guess; -kà àkà guess · -kàfìè guess wrongly · -kàta guess correctly
-kàv: (make a) mark; fix; appoint; ọ̀kị̀kà ceremony · ọ̀kị̀kà manya ceremonial drinking · -kà àgbà make arrangement (for meeting) · -kà akàlà draw a line, mark · -kàcha erase; cancel · -kàchapụ̀ cancel out · -kàgha fix again; adjourn; postpone · -kàghalị re-fix; postpone · -kà nzū mark with chalk on ground · -kànye vaccinate; inoculate
-kàv: speak; say; -kà ụkà hold divine service; converse; quarrel
-kàv: afflict; torment; worry: Akwa ọ nà-èbe nà-akā m̄ arụ Her crying is worrying me (i.e. making me uncomfortable)
-kàtaext. suff. 4: so much...that; to such an extent...that: Aŋụ̄kàtà m̀ mmanya n’ebe ànyị jè àgbàmakwụkwọ ǹnyàafụ̀ ọ̀ fọ nwantịntị afọ m̄ gbawaa I drank so much at a wedding yesterday that I almost burst: Ọ bụlụ nà òdìbọ̀ gị̂ nwè ntị̀ ikē i kwukàta okwū ìke agwụ gị̄ If your servant is stubborn you will be worn out with talking: O kwūkàtàlụ̀ okwu àkpịlị̄ gụ̀a yā He talked so much that he became hoarse
-kev: tie; òkike tying · -ke agbụ bind · -kebe get ready · -kedo prepare; tie on with rope: O jì ụ̀dọ̀ wèe kedo jī He used a rope to tie up the yams (cf. - fiedo) Kèdo akpàtì afụ̀ n’enu motò Tie that box on the car · -kedosi ike tighten · -ke ekike dress; adorn: O kèlụ̀ ekike ndi aghā He is dressed as a soldier · -ke imē cause abortion · -kekọta join together · -kekụ̀ coil; coiling · nkekụ̀ coil; coiling · -
-kev: shine; glitter Ọkụ dị̄ n’ụnọ̀ enū nà-èke kà kpakpaǹdò The lantern in the storey house is glittering like a star: Òkwutē afụ̀ nà-ègbuke kà goòlù The stone is glittering like gold
-kèv: share; divide; òkìkè sharing; dividing · -kè ekpē make a will · -kè ikpe give judgement · -kè ị̀bụ̀ọ divide into two; bisect · -kèji divide into two · nkèji division; division into two halves · nkèji ụkwụ̄ ankle · -kèlụ take one’s share · -kèlụ okè, òkè take a share · -kèmù divide into small pieces · -kènye give a share · -kè okwu give judgement; settle a dispute · -kèpụ̀ divide out; separate from · -kèrà divide
-kè (èkè)v: create; òkìkè creating; creation: Chukwû kèlụ̀ ụ̀wà God created the world
-kè-v: give (daughter) in marriage; betroth B. give (daughter) in marriage; -kèbe betroth: Ọ kèbè m̀ àda yā He betrothed his daughter to me, or He gave me his first daughter in marriage · -kèli A. betroth daughter to a man irregularly by going to bargain with him instead of waiting until the girl is asked for
-kè-nev: greet; thank
-kè-taext. suff. 1: near(er); -jekèta go near, nearer: Jekèta yā nso Go near him · -kpụkèta draw near, nearer: Kpụkèta akpàtì afụ̀ Go up to that box, or, Draw that box nearer
-kì-liv: look at; gaze at; witness; watch
-kì-liext. suff. 1: about; up and down (always with -gba) -gbakìli ànị̀ go about; go or move about hesitantly, worriedly, at random: Motō ị̀ kà esò je afị̄a enupụ̀go ebe ị nà-àgbakìli ànị̀ The lorry you were to have taken to the market has left while you were busy fussing about
-kov: A. hang B. be arrested and suspended in fall; -kobe hang something on; spread out to dry; confer, bestow · -kobe èbùbè honour (lit. "hang honour on") · -kokwàsị hang upon (as a snake) · -kokwàsị akwà wrap a cloth about the body · -kolu remove from where hanging: Kòlu yā ebe à Remove it from here (where you left it hanging) · -kopụ̀ remove from where hanging: Kopụ̀ ya ebe à Remove it from here (where it is wrongly hanging)
-kov: used in:; -kolu prepare · -koni start; set out
-kòv: swell; distend; bulge B. distend; swell; bulge; òkùkò swelling; distending; bulging · -kò afọ distend abdomen; Nni ǹkaà nà-ekò afọ̄ This food is stodgy · -kò èkò A. writhe; bubble; froth; ferment · -kò ọ̀nụ̀mà be angry; swell with anger · -kò ukò put on airs; show off; be lavish in hospitality; puff oneself up
-kòv: hook; take with a hook; -kòdo catch; entangle; be entangled · -kò èkò creep; climb (of plants) · -kòni enū hang up (on hook) · -kò okwu (fig.) cause trouble; invite quarrel, dispute (usually deliberately); assault
-kọv: tell; relate; guess; ọ̀kụkọ telling, relating; guessing · -kọ akụkọ tell a story; give news · -kọcha(cid:31) defame; revile; curse (= -kọ ọnū) · nkọcha defamation; reviling; curse · -kọ ọnụ quarrel; abuse; revile (= -kọcha) Àda nà Ǹkwọọma nà-àkọ ọnụ̄ Ada and Nkwọọma are quarrelling: Àdâ jì nnwa Ǹkwọọma āmụtārọ àkọ yā ọnụ; o lofùgo nà ọ bụ̀ Chukwu nà-ezìta nwā Ada has been taunting Nkwọọma with her childlessness; she h
-kọv: scratch; -kọcha isi shave head · -kọfịa rub skin off hand · -kọ isi shave head; barb · ọ̀kọ īsi barber · -kọ ọkọ scratch; itch
-kọv: be dry; -kọ akọ dry · m̀gbè ọkọ̄chì dry season
-kọv: be scarce, no longer obtainable: Ego kọ̀lụ̀ m I am short of money; -kọ ụ̀kọ be scarce
-kọext. suff. 1: together (in company with); joining (cf. -kọ̀, where convergence, sometimes to the point of deformity, is stressed); -dụkọ sew together · -gakọ bring together with thread (e.g. beads): Ọ nà-àgakọ jìgìda She is threading the waistbeads together: Ànyị nà-àchọ ịgbākọ mmilī màkà echi We want to draw water into a large container for tomorrow (lit. fetch water together) · -jekọ meet, walk together
-kọ: ext. suff. 1 all; altogether; -chịkọta gather and bring a whole number · -gokọlụ buy all · -kpọkọlụ dry up completely
-kọinfl. suff: present action; en route to: Ejèkọ̀ m̀ afịa I’m going to market
-kọ̀v: plant (tubers); -kọ̀ ugbō make a farm
-kọ̀ext. suff. 1: together (i.e. converging) (cf. -kọ, where unity is stressed): Ọ nyākọ̀lụ̀ m̀kpọ igwè m He bent my steel walking stick: Ọ nyākọ̀lụ̀ ìko m̄ He pressed the edges of my cup together; -gbakọ̀ba come together: Ndi mmādụ̀ àgbakọ̀bago The people have come together · -nọkọ̀ba sit together: Achọ̀ m̀ kà ụnụ̀ nọkọ̀ba ọnụ̄ I want you to sit together · -tụkọ̀ba heap together
-kpav: move with an instrument; propel; hence, in a more abstract sense, cause B. (fig.) stir up; provoke; incite; ọ̀kpụkpa propelling · -kpa aka ànị̀ be mischievous; play tricks · -kpa akpa pick with an instrument · -kpa amụ cause laughter: Ọ kpàlụ̀ amụ He made a joke: O jì m̀ àkpa amụ̄ He’s making fun of me · -kpa bọọ̀lụ̀ dribble a ball · -kpacha scrape (e.g. roasted yam); make neat · -kpacha anya do something purposely · -kpacha ji scrape yam · -kpachalụ anya be careful, warned, cautious; beware; take heed
-kpav: rear (child, animals): Akpà m m̀kpà n’aka I am nursing a baby; -kpa ife enunu keep livestock
-kpa: 7. v.:; -kpa m̀kpa be few; scarce
-kpàv: press together (in order to break or close up); ọ̀kpụ̀kpà suppression; compression · -kpà àkpà = -kpà m̀kpà be narrow, tight, pressed together, choked, crowded; restrict; oppress; ill-treat; deny freedom; capture; kidnap: Fa àkpàlụgo ezē ānyị nà m̀kpà Our chief has been kidnapped · -kpàchibìdo lock in or out · -kpàchisị lock up (many locks, doors, etc.) · -kpàchi(ta) lock · -kpàdo pile up; store; board; cover up (lit. press upon) · -kpàfànye in
-kpàv: be needful: gịnị̄ nà-akpā gị? What are you in need of?; -kpà mkpà need; have need; be necessary; compel: Ènyò anyā nà-akpā m̄ mkpà ǹkè nnukwu I am seriously in # need of glasses · mkpà need; necessity
-kpàv: trim, cut (hair); ọ̀kpụ̀kpà trimming; cutting · -kpàcha cut; trim; barb; crop · -kpàcha ajị crop, shave, cut hair · -kpàcha ajị anụ̄ crop, shave, cut hair of animal · -kpàcha isi barb; cut hair · -kpàchapụ̀ crop, cut, trim off · -kpàchasị cut, shave, etc., entirely · -kpàchasị isi barb hair of head (less common than -kpàcha isi) · -kpà igwù prepare palm fronds
-kpa 3.v: walk; move; (of humans) wander, walk about; (of animals) wander about; -kpa àgwà behave (usually in a bad sense) · -kpa àgwà ọjọọ̄ behave badly · -kpa ajọ̄ ụkpa make bad or disagreeable friendship (e.g. as when a person is intimate with another person whose morality and ways are bad or questionable); walk with criminals or suspects; keep bad company · -kpabàta walk, wander in(to) · -kpafù go astray; stray and get lost · mkpafùli negligence; going astray · -kpago walk
-kpà 3.v: tie permanently; stack; plait; weave; ọ̀kpụ̀kpà plaiting · ọ̀kpụ̀kpà isiị̀ plaiting of hair · -kpà akwà weave cloth · -kpà isi plait hair · -kpà ji stack yams (in the barn) · -kpà ǹkàtà make basket
-kpa 4.v: speak; -kpa aghalā cause disturbance · -kpa amụ jest; trifle; amuse · -kpagozi teach · -kpalị insult; show disrespect to · mkpalị an insult · -kpa ǹgàǹgà joke; be boastful · -kpa nkàta talk; converse; chat: Bikō nye mụ nà Ibè efè níme ụnọ̀ ụlā màkà nà ànyị̄ chọ̀lụ̀ ịkpā nkàta nébē afụ̀ Please leave the room for Ibe and myself, for we want to chat there · -kpazi show; teach; direct
-kpa-kwu: v. concern oneself with; make friendly advances to; befriend
-kpev: report; judge: O kpèlì m He reported me: Agà m̀ èkpe gị̄ n’aka nnà gị ukwu I shall report you to your master; òkpukpe reporting; judging · -kpe ikpe judge a case · -kpejide judge unfairly; make unfair report · mkpejide injustice · ikpe case · ndị ikpē the judges
-kpev: pray; beg: Kà ànyị kpeelu Chinēkè Let us pray (unto God): O tègo m jì èkpelu yā kà ọ rapụ̄ m̄ I have been begging him for a long time to leave me alone; -kpe ekpelu, ekpele say prayer; pray: Kà ànyị kpeē ekpelu Let us pray
-kpev: smear; òkpukpe smearing · -kpe mmanụ smear with oil
-kpe: 4. v.:; -kpe ụgbọ steer canoe
-kpè: 1. v.:; -kpè àzụ be last; bring up the rear · ìkpe āzụ the last thing: Ife ìkpe āzụ ị gà-èmê bụ̀ ijē kute mmiị̀li dọbe n’ụnọ̀ The final thing you should do is to fetch water and keep it in the house · ogē ìkpe āzụ the last time; at the end of the time; at the end of the world · ụbọ̀sị ìkpe āzụ the last day; the day of judgment · -bịakpè àzụ come last
-kpèv: scrape; -kpècha strip off (bark, skin, etc.) · -kpèchalụ strip and take the bark · -kpèchapụ̀ strip off · -kpèchasị strip off bark (entirely); pare (everything off)
-kpè 2.v: backbite; slander; speak evil of (esp. indirectly and in the hearing of the person being slandered); -kpècha slander · mkpècha slandering · -kpè ìkpe backbite; slander; speak evil of. Much practised by the Egwu Ọjà dancers many years ago. The soloist in the course of her singing spoke to evil-doers who had been committing evil in secret, e.g. a thief or people involved in adultery, thereby bringing their anti-social practices to light
-kpị̀: v.:; -kpị̀ isi cut hair · -kpị̀cha isi cut hair very short
-kpov: gather; collect; pick; òkpukpo gathering; collecting; picking · -kpo àgbụgbọ̄ collect decayed compost for application to the crops · -kpocha · A. clear (rubbish, refuse); rid a place (of rubbish, refuse, filth): Ànyị nà-àkwadebe iwu# ụnọ̀ n’ànị̀ a nà-èkpocha We are preparing to build a house on the place which is being cleared · B. purify woman after childbirth · -kpocha isi be bald: Nwokē afụ̀ kpòchàlụ̀ isi That man is
-kpo: 2. v.:; -kpo lìlìlì swarm (of bees) · -kpowa rush away
-kpòext. suff.1: upon; -gbakpò spread upon · -kwukpò cover up with words · -yikpò cover the body with clothes · -zàkpò sweep upon
-kpọv: be dry; (of certain fruits) be ripe; ọ̀kpụkpọ drying · -kpọ akpọ be dry: Wètalụ m̄ òfu oko ọkā kpọ̄lụ akpọ Bring me a dry ear of corn · -kpọ anwụ̄ wither · m̀kpọ ānwụ drought; extended dry season; severe dry season; long period without rain · -kpọkọlụ wither; dry up (completely) · -kpọ m̀bụ = -kpọ m̀gbụ dry (e.g. of leaf) · -kpọ nkụ be dry Wètalụ m̄ akwụkwọ kpọ̄lụ nkụ Bring me a dry leaf: Ọ bụlụ nà ị ñaa azụ̀ ndụ̀ afụ̀ nó`kụ ọ gà-àkp
-kpọv: break (of something fragile, e.g. egg, bladder, eye): Àkwa ị chọ̀lụ̀ isiị̀ àkpọgo The egg you want to boil has broken: Ọ fọ̀lụ̀ nwantịntị kà o tikpọọ ākwa m nà-àkwadebe isiị̀ He almost broke the egg I am preparing to cook; -gbakpọ break (by itself): Àkwa àgbakpọgo The egg has broken (e.g. while being boiled) · -kpọlì grind dry thing (not thoroughly); break into splinters or pieces · mkpọlì grinding
-kpọext. suff.1: (fig.) denoting thoroughness arising from repeated action; -gbakpọ ìzù discuss very thoroughly, again: Ànyị gbàkpọ̀lụ̀ ìzù àgbakpọ We really had a thorough discussion: Jèe nụ̀ gbàkpọ ìzù Go and discuss it again
-kpọ̀: v. curse; abuse; -kpọ̀ iyiị̀ curse; abuse: Ìwu nà-akpọ̄ m iyiị̀ Iwu is cursing me · -kpọ̀lị reproach; abuse · mkpọ̀lị reproach; abuse · -kpọ̀lụ abuse; reproach
-kpọ̀ext. suff. 1: denoting thoroughness, proper performance: Ji adā èkwe m̄ iliị̀ mà ọ bụlụ nà o ghēkpọ̀rọ̀ èghekpọ̀ I can’t eat yam if it is not thoroughly done: Ọ nà-àgwa iAda nà nyâ chọ̀lụ̀ kà Àda gwekpọ̀ọ tanjele ọ nà-ègwe ēgwekpọ̀ She is telling Ada to grind the galena stone that she is grinding very thoroughly; -kpọ-chi shut; be shut · -kpọchi shut; lock; turn (key); imprison · mkpọchi button · -kpọchibìdo shut out or in: Ụzọ̀ àkpọchìbìdogo m̄ The door has shut against me: Ị̀ nà-àchọ ịkpọ̄chìbìdò m ụzọ̀? Are you trying to shut the door against me? or Are you going to shut the door against me? or Are you going to lock me out (or in)? · -kpọchi ntị̀ be deaf, stubborn (lit. close ears to) · mkpọ̀chi ǹtị̀ st
-kpò 1.v: be hot; smell pleasantly and hot (of well-prepared, spiced soup, mentholatum, etc.); sting (of pepper); hurt (of sting); -kpò èkpò = -kpò -kpo nàlànàlà be tepid, lukewarm · -kpò òkpoòfùfù perspire; cause perspiration · -kpò ọkụ be hot; be lively (of season or place)
-kpọ 4.v: suffer blindness (as a result of the destruction of an eye or both eyes); destruction of an eye or both eyes due to injury, disease, etc.: Anya ākpọgo nwokē afụ̄ dālụ enu nkwụ̄ The man who fell off the palm tree is now blind; anya mkpọ̄ blindness
-kpọ 5.v: buy, purchase (clothes, pottery); -kpọta buy, purchase (clothes, pottery): Akpọ̀tàlụ̀ m̀ akwà ọfụụ̄ I bought a new cloth: Anà m̀ èje ịkpọ̄ta ìte ọ̄zọ I am going to purchase another pot · -kpọ ute buy mat
-kpọ 6.v: expose; display; -kpọba afịa expose, display wares for sale · -kpọ ìfulu blossom; flower (cf. -kpọ ìgùgù) · # · -kpọ ìgùgù blossom; flower
-kpọ 7.v: clear by setting fire to; burn; -kpọ ànị̀ clear ground by burning · -kpọcha clear; clean by burning: Jèe kwànwue ọkụ a gà-èji kpọcha atụlụ̄ a nà-àkwadebe igbu# Go and make the fire with which the hair of the sheep that is about to be slaughtered will be burned off · mkpọcha burning · -kpọnye ọkụ build up a fire; set fire to; burn off with fire Ànyị chọ̀lụ̀ ịkpọ̄ ewu ọkụ We want to burn off (the hair of) a goat: · ` Anà m̀ èje ịk
-kpọ 9.v: rub; pluck off; -kpọ ọkà remove the grains from the ear of maize · -kpọsị rub, pluck off grains from cob, etc. · -kpọsị ọkà rub off grains from cob · -kpọ ụ̀bọ play musical instrument (sanza, guitar, organ)
-kpọ-kọ: see -kpo(-kọ) (result of assimilation)
-kpọ-lè: v. roll (of objects; cf. -tụlụ̀); mkpọlè rolling · -kpọlèdà roll down · -kpọlèfèga roll across · -kpọlègota roll up (of an object that rolls) · -kpọlèpụ̀ roll away, off: Òlòma naàbọ̀ àkpọlèpụ̀go Two oranges have rolled away
-kpo-pụ̀: v. extract; -kpopụ̀ ezē extract a tooth
-kpu: ext. suff.1 in; -dàkpu fall in · -nakpu go in
-kpùv: lose flavour; be without flavour and go sour (of ògìlì ofē); become bad: Ògìli à kpùlù èkpù This ògìlì is sour
-kpụv: mould; make, manufacture (iron materials like a blacksmith); ọ̀kpụkpụ moulding; making; manufacturing · -kpụ aja make mud wall · -kpụ egbè make a gun · -kpụghalị refashion; remake; alter · -kpụ mmà manufacture cutlass · -kpụ ǹdèlè make track · -kpụ ụzụ work as blacksmith; make metal appliances in blacksmith’s workshop · ọ̀kpụ ìtè potter
-kpụ̀v: hold, carry (in mouth); sip; -kpụ̀ nó`nụ̄ carry in the mouth; (fig.) be actually, still speaking: Akpụ̀ m̀ akụ nó`nụ̄ I am holding palm kernels in my mouth · -kpụ̀ okwu nó`nụ̄ be still speaking; be speaking (e.g. as contribution to debate or speeches during meeting): Ụnụ̀ emēzina mkpọtụ màkà nà mmadụ̀ kpụ̀ okwu nó`nụ̄ Stop making a noise, because somebody is speaking (usu. during meetings) · -kpụ̀ ọ̀kụ̀ nó`nụ̄ (colloq.) be sm
-kpụ̀v: smooth; shave; plane; scrape off; ọ̀kpụ̀kpụ̀ smoothing; shaving; scraping · -kpụ̀ba abrade; abrade by scraping or dragging rough object over the surface or skin: Ị̀ chọ̀lụ̀ ịkpụ̀bà m̀ àrụ? Do you want to scrape my skin off? · -kpụ̀cha smooth; plane; scrape · -kpụ̀chapụ̀ scrape out · -kpụ̀chapụ̀ta scrape out completely
-kpụ 3.v: barb; shave; ọ̀kpụkpụ barbing; shaving · -kpụ àfụ̀ ọnụ̄ shave beard · -kpụ isi shave hair-of head: Anà m̀ èje ịkpụ̄ isi I am going to cut my hair · ọ̀kpụ iị̀si · A. shaver; barber · B. ring-worm of the head (tinea capitis) · ọ̀kpụ iị̀si eliị̀ ngo ring-worm of the head (lit. barber who receives no pay)
-kpù-kpù: v.:; -kpùkpù aka motion with hands for silence: O kpukpùlụ̀ aka ọgè m nà-àkwadebe ikwu ife ọ mèlụ̀ He # tried to silence me by gesturing with his hand when I was about to reveal what he had done
-kuv: scoop up and carry liquid; -ku eku scoop; ladle · -ku mmilī scoop water out of a vessel · -kunye mmilī bring water: Kùnye m̄ mmilī Give me water · -ku ofe scoop up soup · -kute mmilī fetch water in a vessel
-ku: see -kwu 3.
-kùv: blow (of wind); fan; breathe; òkùkù blowing; fanning; breathing · -kù àkùpè fan · -kùdebe ume stop breathing · -kùfè moving rapidly past, creating a current of air · -kùfè èkufè pass away; blow over as the wind · -kù n’anya n’anya pant: Ọ gbàlụ̀ ọsọ, wèe na-ekù n’anya n’anya He ran and started panting · -kùpụ̀ ume faint; be faint · -kù ume breathe · -kùbì ume cease to breathe; die · ǹkù wing · òkùkù ume lung (human)
-kùv: call (cf. -kpọ); -kù mmụọ̄ invite masquerader to a place (e.g. funeral) · -tikù call upon
-kụv: plant (seeds); ọ̀kụkụ planting; time for planting: Agà m̀ àbịa n’ọ̀kụkụ ọkà I shall come during the maize- planting season · -kụ ọkà plant maize · ife ọ̄kụkụ anything to be planted
-kụv: knock; strike; ring (a bell); ọ̀kụkụ knocking; striking; ringing · -kụ aka clap hands · -kụji break into parts · -kụkọlịta collide · nkụkọlịta collision · -kụkpọ break; smash (e.g. egg); break down · -kụ kwali revenge/avenge a beating · -kụlì break into pieces · -kụ mgbịlịgba ring a bell · -kụ ọ̀fọ knock ọ̀fọ on the ground (of a priest in giving judgement) · -kụ ọ̀kpọ knock the head with the knuckles; box · -kụpịa smash into p
-kụv: mix; -kụ mmanya mix wine · -kụ nsị mix poison; practise sorcery · -kụ ọgwụ̀ mix medicine
-kụv: ext. suff. 1 upon; to; against; -dàkụlụ fall against · -takụ stick to
-kụ̀v: hook; -kụ̀ azụ̀ catch fish; fish with hook: Afụ̀lụ̀ m̀ ndi nā-akụ̀ azụ̀ na mmili Ōbosi I saw some people fishing in Obosi river, or I saw some fishermen in Obosi river · -kụ̀ ịgà put in fetters; handcuff · -kụ̀ ǹgwụlọ̄ sit cross-legged azụ̄ m̄gbaàkụ̀lụ̀ dried fish which is rolled up with a stick through it: Nwannē m nwaànyị̀ nà-èle azụ̄ m̄gbaàkụ̀lụ̀ My sister sells mgbaàkụ̀lụ̀ fish
-kụ̀v: bring into use, esp. for food production; cultivate land; tend livestock; -kụ̀ nni supply with food; cultivate: Ọ̀ gịnị̄ kà ị nà-èje imē n’ubì n’ụ̀tụtụ̄ à? Anà m̀ èje ịkụ̀ nni What are you going to do in the farm this morning? I am going to cultivate some crops · -kụ̀ ọkụ̀ tend, keep livestock: Ịkụ̀ ọkụ̀ bụ̀ ezigbọ ọlụ̄ Keeping livestock is a good hobby
-kụ̀: ext. suff. 1 used in:; -gbakụ̀ta àzụ turn the back on · -makụ̀ press to one’s body; embrace · -makụ̀ta embrace completely
-kù-v: carry; -kùbàta bring in (esp. of small child) Kubàta nnwa n’ụnọ̀ Bring the child into the house · -kùchi nwunyè take the wife of a dead relation · -kùdà bring down · -kù n’aka nurse; hold in the arms · -kùni lift up; rise; get up: O kùnigo! He is risen: Ọ nà-èje ikùnì nwa dālụ adà She is going to pick up the child who has fallen down · -kù n’obì hold at the breast; carry in the bosom · -kupùte, -kupụ̀ta
-kụ-jav: start; be startled; nkụjà a start, shock
-kụ-ta: ext. suff. (= -kụ 4. completely; (?) + -ta 5. D.) · -gbakụta contest all · -kwukụta say all · -makụta know all · -nụkụta hear all · -sàkụta reply to all
-ku-ziv: teach; nkuzi teaching · onye nkuzi teacher; instructor · ọ̀zụ̀zụ̀ nkuzi teacher training
-kwa: 1. pack; carry off; clear away; ọ̀kwụkwa packing; carrying off · -kwachakọ take away everything · -kwachi move into place vacated by another · -kwachị remove to another house · -kwadebe prepare; propose to do something · -kwadèbe bring everything near · -kwado prepare; get ready; pack for journey: Akwàdò m̀ ijē afịa I am ready to go to market · -kwafè move over; remove (belongings to another house) · nkwafè transfer (by packing
-kwav: sew; ọ̀kwụkwa sewing · -kwa (akwà) sew (cloth) · -kwachi repair; patch (up): Kwàchielụ m̄ akwà m Patch my clothes for me · -kwakọdo sew together · -kwa nga àgbà tie bandage under chin of a dead person · ọ̀kwa àkwà tailor (lit. sewer of clothes)
-kwaext. suff. 1: well; so as to restore good condition; -dokwa repair; put in the proper position; (fig.) settle quarrel: Ọ nà-èje idōkwa motò ya mē mmebì She is going to repair her lorry which has got a fault: Ọ gà-èdokwa ya bụ̄ okwu He will settle that case · -jikwa dress (someone else) · -lụkwa repair · -mekwa, -mekwata repair; please by an action; give a tip, small present: Ọ sị̀ nà ya amā ana mà ọ bụlụ nà fa emēkwatarọ ya He said he would not go i
-kwàv: push; ọ̀kwụ̀kwà pushing · -kwà aka push; urge; drive · -kwabànye push in; hustle in: · kwabànye yā níme ụnọ̀ hustle him inside the house · -kwadà push down · -kwàdo support; hold up; stop from falling · -kwafè push over · -kwàghe push open · -kwàkọ push together · -kwàkọ isi nísi set people at loggerheads · -kwàkpọ overthrow; push down; demolish · -kwànị ọkụ · A. (lit.) fan fire · B. (fig.) instigate so
-kwàv: miss; slip; ọ̀kwụ̀kwà disappointment; missing (something) as a result of some hindrance: Ọ bụ̀ egwu ọ̀kwụ̀kwà mèlụ̀ nà ị fụ̄rọ onye isi egwu ụmụ̀ àgbọghọ̀ a sị̀ nà ọ bụ̀ yā mànàrị̀sị̀lị̀ egwu àgba n’ Ògidi It is your missing the dance that prevented your seeing the leader of young women’s dance, reputed to be the greatest dancer in Ogidi: Egwu afụ̀ mụ ējedōrọọ̀ bụ̀ m̀ nnukwu ife ọ̀kwụ̀kwà (lit. The dance that
-kwàv: blow (e.g. pipe); sing; ọ̀kwa àbụ̀ soloist · ọ̀kwa ọ̀jà piper; flute-player
-kwàv: pour, spill (water, liquid); -kwafù spill: Ọ kwāfùlù mmiliị̀ He spilt the water, or He poured away the water
-kwa 3.v: cough; -kwa ụkwalà cough · (ụkwalà) -kwa have a cough
-kwa-cha: v. scrape; chip; -kwacha àkwacha -kwacha ji (edè) chip; scrape cut off roots of yam (cocoyam)
-kwà-sa: see -kwà-sị 1.
-kwà-sịext. suff. 1: again; -kwukwàsị speak again · -mekwàsị do again
-kwà-sị 1, -kwà-sa: ext. suff. 1 upon; on; -dakwàsị fall upon (of thing): Ọ dākwàsị̀ nénu ọchē It fell on the chair Ọ nọ̄kwàsị̀ nénu ikpo akwụ̄ She sits on the heap of palmnuts: O biị̀kwàsị̀ yà aka He lays his hands on him
-kwen: believe; agree; obey; be willing; permit: Nwoke afụ̀ kwèsị̀lị̀ ịjā ike The man deserves praise; òkwukwe agreement · -kwekọ agree together · nkwekọ agreement; harmony · -kwekọlịta come to an agreement: Ànyị èkwekọlịtago We have come to an agreement · -kwelụ accept · -kwe nísi nod the head · -kwenye agree; allow · -kwenyelụ agree with · -kwesị deserve; be fitting; be suitable; correspond · òkwùkwe belief; faith · ùkwe assent
-kwev: grip; -kwedo aka lay hold of · -kwe n’aka shake hands · -kwerùbe shake (e.g. bottle of oil) · nkweko akā wrist
-kwev: set, prepare for use (something involving strings); -kwe akwà weave cloth (usu. with hand loom) · -kwe ọnyà set (rope, wire) trap · -kwe ụta string a bow · -kwezi ụta re-string a bow
-kwe 2.v: sing; -kwe ùkwe sing hymns, songs in chorus · ùkwe song; hymn
-kwe 4.v: bargain; price; -kwedà lower (price) · -kwe ọnụ̄ offer (a price)
-kwo: v. pluck, extract forcibly or prematurely; remove from position (e.g. fruit, foetus) prematurely; òkwukwo plucking · -kwo ezē take out, extract teeth; lose tooth (teeth) · eze nkwō loss of tooth (teeth) · -kwosị ugbènè pluck feathers · -dàkwo (of fruit) fall from tree before it is ripe · -kakwo (esp. of fruits) pluck prematurely · -takwo (of fruits) eat unripe: Ọ nà-àtakwo ugiliị̀ acharọ̄ àcha She is eating an unripe wild mango
-kwòv: uproot; -kwò ìlìlò uproot a plant
-kwò: 3. v.; -kwò ekwòlò envy; be jealous of
-kwò: 4. v.; -kwò ụla snore
-kwòv: be crowded; be in a rush; rush; jerk; òkwùkwò rushing · -kwòbà rush in · -kwòbàta rush in · -kwò èkwò rush in numbers · -kwò ekwòlò envy; contest enviously · -kwòjili rush violently · -kwò ọnwụ be at point of death; struggle with death · -kwòpụ̀ rush out · mmili nā-ekwō · èkwò · A. tap or stream where there is a rush of people wishing to fetch water · B. fast-flowing stream, river, water-way: Mmili (pọm̀pụ̀) Ụmụ̀agụ̄ nà-ekwō èkwò n’ụ̀
-kwọ: 1. grind; grate; saw; rub; (with aka as object) wash (hands); ọ̀kwụkwọ grinding; grating; sawing: Fa nà-àkwọ osisi fa gbùlụ̀ ǹnyàafụ̀ They are sawing the tree they felled yesterday · -kwọ aka wash the hands · -kwọ akpụ grate cassava; make gari: Ọ nà-àkwọ akpụ ọ gà-ejì ghe gàlị She is grating the cassava with which she is going to make farina · -kwọbè saw asunder: Ànyqị chọ̀lụ̀ ijiị̀ mmà ọdụ̄ kwọbè osisi dāchilị ụzọ̀ We want to saw asunder the tree which fell
-kwọ̀: v. carry on the back; -kwọ̀lụ carry on the back (e.g. child) · -kwọ̀ nnwa carry child on the back: Kwọ̀lụ nnwā Carry the child on your back · -kwọ̀ nnwa n’àzụ -kwọ̀pụ̀ carry child on the back put down from the back something carried on it
-kwọ 2.v: scoop up (water); -kwọ mmiliị̀ bale; dip up water (with hands or container) · -kwọsa mmiliị̀ · A. throw water over the hands or body (as in taking a shower) · B. wipe off water from the floor or any wide surface (also - kwọcha)
-kwu: 1. speak; òkwukwu speaking · -kwubì end a speech: Bikō, kwubìzịa okwu afụ̀ Please, end that speech · -kwubìdo interrupt · -kwubulu foretell; say beforehand · -kwudebe cease speaking · -kwudide continue speaking · -kwu èkwulèkwu -kwu ezi okwu talk excessively or like a chatter-box; nag speak the truth: · # Ọ bụ̀ ezi okwu kà m nà-èkwu I am speaking the truth # · -kwufìè speak wrongly, incorrectly · -kwughalị
-kwuext. suff.1: more; more of; -likwu eat more: Ị̀ chọ̀ iliị̀kwu nni? Do you want to eat more food? · -mụ̀kwù read more (of): Ọ chọ̀ ịmụ̀kwù akwụkwọ She wants to study further · -nụlụkwu drink more of: Nụ̀lụkwue mmiị̀li Drink more water · -wètakwu bring more (of): Wètakwuelụ m̄ mmadụ̀ naàbọ̀ Bring me two more persons
-kwụv: pay; ọ̀kwụkwụ paying Anà m̀ àbịa ịkwụ̄ onye ọ̄bụnà dịkà ọlụ yā sìlị̀ dị I am coming to pay everyone according to his work: Ibì egō adā àdị ọlọ̄ kà ọ̀kwụkwụ yā Borrowing money is not usually as difficult as repaying it · -kwụchìgha pay back; repay; refund · -kwụ ngọ̀ · A. pay bride-price · B. repay the bride-price paid on a wife · òkwụkwụ ngọ̀ payment of bride price · -kwụta send payment (of debt or wag
-kwụv: stand; set; -kwụba stand (something); place · -kwụbìdo interfere; stand in the way of · -kwụchi resist; stand in front of; block someone’s view; replace; stand in for · -kwụ chị̀m̀ be firm; stand firm; be firmly established or secure in a place (of person) · -kwụdèbe stand near · -kwụdo meet; fall in with; overtake; stand on · -kwụghalị loiter · -kwụlụ n’ùsòlò be in a line, single file · -kwụlụ ọtọ = -kwụ ọtọ
-kwụv: hang; -kwụba hang · -kwụba akwà hang up a cloth · -kwụ èfè swing to and fro; be neutral · -kwụ elili commit suicide by hanging · -kwụfè suspend; hang · -kwụfèghalị swing; hang around · -kwụgbu kill by hanging · -kwụ ụ̀dọ̀ commit suicide (by hanging); hang oneself
-kwụv: jump; ọ̀kwụkwụ jumping · -kwụbà jump in · -kwụdà lower; let down · -kwụfè jump over · -kwụpụ̀ jump off · -kwụtù jump down
-kwụ: see -kwu
-kwu 3., -kuext. suff.1: to; towards; -chèkwube trust in: Chèkwube Chinēkè Trust in God · nchèkwube trust; confidence: Nchèkwube ānyqị dị̀ nà Chinēkè Our trust is in God · -gbakwu(te), - run towards, to: · gbakurịta Ọ nà-àgbakwu nnē ya She is running to her mother · -jekwu go to; towards: Achọ̀ m̀ ijēkwu nnà m I want to go to my father · -kpụkwu move, crawl towards: Ọ nà-àkpụkwu nwa nnē ya She is moving towards her sister
-kwụ 4.v: smoke; -kwụ àlụ̀lụ̀ be misty · -kwụ anwụlụ̀ smoke (of a fire) · -kwụgbu suffocate by smoke · -kwụni, -kwuni rise (of mist, smoke, etc.)
-kwù-: v. cover; cover with lid; invert; -kwùchi close (opening): Kwùchie ìte siị̀ nó`kụ Cover the pot on the fire · -kwùchikpò cover in · -kwùghe open (bottle, tin, pot, etc.) · -kwùghepụ̀ uncover · -kwùpụ̀ uncork (a bottle, etc.)
-kwu-, -kwụ-v: cork; -kwuchi cork; stopper · nkwuchi cork; covering · -kwuchi ọnụ̄ cover, plug hole, mouth, opening · okwuchi, okwu stopper; cork; cover · -kwụghe open; uncover
-kwu-do: v. meet
-kwu-kọ, -kwụ-kọ: v. join, piece together; -kwụkọ aka rub the hands together in supplication · -kwukọnye, - join, piece together · kwụkọnye
-kwù-kwùv: hold together, clench (of hand); -kwùkwù aka clench, close the hand · nkwukwù akā fist
-kwù-kwùv: be foolish

-lav: drink; ọ̀lịla a drinking · ife ọ̄lịla drink · -lafọ drink and leave some remaining · -lakwu drink again, in addition, the remainder · -laju afọ drink to satiety · -lalụ drink a part · -la oke mmānya drink to excess; get drunk
-lav: have coition with: Ọ chọ̀ ịlā ya He wants to sleep with her; -la di have sexual intercourse (of woman); be sexually loose (of woman)
-làv: entice; seduce; deceive; -làdà soothe, rock (a baby) · -làfù seduce; deceive · nlafù seduction; deceit · -làpụ̀ta ile put out the tongue · -là ụ̀là entice; charm; persuade
-làext. suff. 1: open; flat; exposed; -chalàpụ̀ anya stare at · -nwulàpụ̀ flash · -telà rub flat
-la-chav: lick; eat (juicy fruit); drink (soup)
-la-pav: stick to; cling to; -lapado n’àrụ stick to body · -lapalụ n’àrụ cling (to somebody)
-la, -lụv: sleep; -lamì ụla fall fast asleep · -larụ alarụ congeal, coagulate, curdle (e.g. oil) · -larụ ụlā, -lụ ụla sleep
-lev: sell; òlile (art of) sale · afịa ōlile merchandise; commodity · -le (afịa) ọkshọ̀m̀ -lebe (= -lesị) sell wares at an auction sell to · -ledà sell cheaply · -lefọ sell, leaving some parts · -lefù sell into slavery · -lesị sell to: Ị mā elesị m̄ ewu gị̄? Won’t you sell me your goat?
-lev: be rotten; -letọ̀ be very rotten · -letọ̀sị be completely rotten · -le ùle rot; be rotten; be corrupt; be lazy
-lev: brand with hot thing; burn, touch with fire or hot object; be hot B. brand with hot object; burn or touch with fire, hot object: Ị̀ nà-àchọ ilē m ọkụ? Are you going to burn me?; -ledo blaze out; catch fire · -leji cut asunder by burning · -le ọkụ A. be hot, warm: Àrụ gị̄ nà-èle ọkụ̄ Your body is hot · (ọkụ) -le be hurt or touched (by fire or hot object): Ọkụ̂ lè m̀ n’aka I was burned on the hand
-lèv: fulfil; come to pass; (of medicine or sorcery) be efficacious; òlìlè fulfilling; coming to pass · -lèzù fulfil; come to pass · -dị ìlè (of medicine or sorcery) be efficacious · (ọgwụ̀) -lè (of medicine or sorcery) be efficacious
-lèext. suff.1: (used with movement) about; used only in:; -gbelè loiter; creep about: Àda nà-ègbelèghalị ebe a nà-èsi ōlili Ada is hanging about where a feast is being prepared · -kpọlè roll along: Afụ̀lụ̀ m̀ nyà kà ọ nà-àkpọlè bọọ̀lụ̀ I saw her rolling a ball
-liv: eat; acquire; absorb B. eat from; have a share of (inheritance); òlili feast; eating; consumption · Òlili Nsọ Holy Communion · -li àkụ̀ inherit wealth: · Ọ̀bị̀àgèèliàkụ̀ name for a girl born into a wealthy family · òli àkụ̀ loved wife; heir; inheritor · -li àrụ efè be at ease, free from care: Ọ nà-èli àrụ efè He is just resting quietly at home, or He is at ease · -lichapụ̀ eat up; devour · -lidà cause someone to spend all he has · -li èlèlè gain · -lifọ eat and
-liext. suff.1: on; against; -fili support · -meli overcome
-lìext. suff.1: reduce to small units; splinter; crush (something softer or more fragile than -gwò); -bèlì cut into small pieces: Achọ̀ m̀ ibēlì anụ m gà-ènye nwa nkịtā I want to cut into small pieces the meat I intend to give to the puppy · -gbalì dissolve; crush; break into small pieces: Mkpụlụ ọgwụ̄ dānyelụ n’ime mmīli agbalìgo The tablet which has fallen into water has dissolved · -kụlì break into pieces by knocking: Ọ nà-àkụlì ajā She is breaking a piece of mud wall · -tilì break (e.g. china
-lịv: climb; creep; ọ̀lịlị a creeping, stroll · -lị alị creep (of insects, etc.) · -lịdà descend; go down · -lịfèta climb over · -lịgo climb · -lịgota climb up · -lịkwàsị climb upon; climb up again · -lịpụ̀ alight from a vehicle · -lị ugwu climb mountain, hill; move uphill
-lịext. suff. 1: for one’s own benefit; to oneself; -kpachalị (lit.) scrape for the benefit of oneself; (fig.) enjoy; scrounge: Ọ nà-èje n’ebe a nà-aŋụ̀lị aŋụ̀lị nnwā ịmā mà ọ nwè ịfe ọ gà-àfụ kpachalị She is going to the place where a naming ceremony is going on to see whether there is something she could get to eat (or, take away) · -kwàchalị exclaim in pleasure or amusement; chuckle: Gèe ntị̀, ị gà-ànụ kà Àda nà-akwàchalị Listen, you will hear A
-lì-lìv: be very old (of thing): Àfè m elilìgo My garment is already tattered; -lìlì èlilì be old and tattered (of clothes); crumble (of a wall): O yì àfe lilì èlilì She is wearing an old and tattered dress
-lị, -liext. suff.3: still: Ị̀ nọ̀lị̀lị? Are you still here?
-lị, liext. suff.1: about; around (often combined with -gha 1.B); -gòli rejoice; make joyful noise: Ànyị nà-egòli We are rejoicing · -jeghèli wander about at random · -nọ̀lị sit around; sit around idly: Ọgè ǹcha kà ọ nà-anọ̀lị n’ụnọ̄ Āda He always sits around in Ada’s house · -ŋụ̀lị rejoice: Gịnị̂ kpàtà ijì aŋụ̀lị? Why are you rejoicing?
-lị(-ta): (deriv. suff.) against; opposing; opposite: Èbùnù naàbọ̀ nà-àkụlịta m̀pì n’ìlo Two rams are butting their heads together outside; -kụlịta knock against, together · -chelịta iru face; direct gaze against, towards: Ọ nà-èchelịta afị̄a iru It is facing the market
-lov: be painful; ache; òlilo being painful · -lo ilo hurt; ache; be painful · àrụ ōlulo weariness · ife ōlulo hurt; pain
-lov: be among; be one of: Ebo lòlụ̀ na ndi a chụpụ̀lụ̀ n’ọlụ Ebo was one of the people dismissed from work; -lo elo be useful; be fitting · -lo n’ife be useful
-lòv: think (about a problem); -lòchìgha repent; reflect · -lò èlò think · -lòfìè think wrongly; be mistaken · -lògha repent; change one’s mind · nlògha repentance; change of mind · -lo ìlìlò, ìlòlò think; suggest · lòkene! think, please! just think of it (usually of something bad) · -lòkọba consider: Anà m èlokọ̀ba ife o mè m I am thinking of all the things he has done to me (good or bad) · -lòpụ̀ta think out; suggest · -lòta,
-lọv: bend; twist; be bent, twisted; -lọgọ̀ be crooked, bent, winding, sinuous, tortuous: M̀kpịsị afụ̀ lọ̀(lụ̀) àlọ The spike is bent · -lọji twist yam tendrils round the stake · -lọji onu break the neck · -lọkọ curl hair
-lọ̀v: dream; -lọ̀ nlọ dream
-lọ̀v: be thick (of liquids); ọ̀lụ̀lọ̀ being thick · -lọ̀ àlọ̀ be thick (of liquids): O tègo m jì wèlụ èli ofe dị̄ gololo, mà kịtāà achòlụ̀ m̀ ilī ofe lọ̄lụ àlò For a long time I have been eating watery soups but now I want to eat a thick soup
-luv: grow; breed; -lu arụrụ breed worms · -lu dọ̀tị be dirty, filthy · -lu inyi be dirty · -lute grow (head hair)
-luv: reach; arrive at; amount to; reach a time: O lūe It is time: Ò lue m̀gbè afụ̀, ... When it was time, ...: Ò luzịa It happened; it came to pass; then; -lu aka receive; reach · -lu anị̀ arrive at a settlement, conclusion · -lu àrụ receive; reach · -lu ogō reach age (for doing particular things); perform ceremony (for girl reaching puberty); be able to · -lute arrive at; reach
-luv: overflow, rise (of river in rainy season): Òrìm̀mìlì lùù n’arọ̄ à The Niger has overflowed this year; -lukpù overflow; drown; submerge · -lusà overflow; spread · m̀mili ōlulu rising of water at flood-time
-lùv: A. become soft; soften B. (of pears) soften by warming (in hot ashes, water, etc.) C. (of cassava) become soft by fermentation; -lù èlù become soft
-lùv: threaten (of rain): Mmilī nà-elù Rain is threatening; -lùchì obscure (sun, of clouds)
-lụv: work; construct; make: Ọ nà-àlụ ọlụ̄ He is working B. work; task; work to be done; working: Òlili nà ọ̀lụlụ̂ dị̀ be m̄ There is plenty of eating and working in my house; ọ̀lụlụ A. working; constructing; making · -lụ ajọ̄ ọlụ do work badly: Ọ nà-àlụ ajọ̄ ọlụ He is a bad worker · -lụcha ànị̀ cultivate land; clear weeds · -lụmì go far with a task: Ndụ̀ àlụmìgo ugbō yā Ndụ has gone very far in the cultivation of his farm · -lụni build up · -lụnwù rebuild · -lụ ọlụ work · -lụsị finish a piece of work: Alụ̄sịgo m̄ ọlụ m̄ I have finished my work · -lụsi ike work hard, en
-lụv: defile; desecrate; be faulty, defective B. (fig.) To prove that food and drink presented by the host to his guests have not been poisoned, the host usually tastes from every eatable thing presented before allowing his guests to have their share. This tradition is called ịlụ̄ ọgwụ̀: Bikō kpọ̀ọ di bī ụnọ̀ kà ọ bịa lụalụ ānyị nni ọgwụ̀ Please call the master of the house to come and taste the eatable; -lụ afọ have stomach-ache · -lụ alụ̄ be defiled, corrupt; commit abomination · -lụ ànị̀ commit abomination, havoc, treachery: Ibè lụ̀lụ̀ ànị̀ Ibe committed an abomination · -lụ (nni) ọgwụ̀ A. neutralise effect of poison: Anà m̀ èje ịkpọ̄ dibị̄a ga-alụ ọgwụ̀ ànyị lòlụ̀ nà e tìnyèlụ̀ n’ime nni e bùnyèlụ̀ ànyị I am going to call a native doctor who is going to neutralise the effect of the poison we t
-lụv: see -la 2.
-lụext. suff. 1: (-lu after o u, -lị after ị, -li after i) ablative suffix denoting from, away: Ọ zụ̄golu m̄ ewu He has bought a goat from me (note contrast in meaning with: Ọ zụ̄golu m̄ ewu He has bought a goat for me (usually, unambiguously, zụ̄tagolu m̄), proving that this is a different suffix from -lụ 6.). For rules of combination with -lụ 5., see - lụ 5; -gbawalụ run away · -kpọkọlụ gather together and take away · -ŋụlụ drink from · -wèlụ take; take away; take from
-lụ̀v: stick in, out B. persist; -lụ̀ aka point out; put finger on · -lụ̀do A. stick in · -lụ̀do osisi stick a stick into the ground · -lụ̀nye aka poke finger into
-lụ̀ext. suff. 1: (cf. -lụ 3.) polluting; spoiling; -gbalụ̀ pollute by mixing · -tilụ̀ àrụ bruise · -tụlụ̀ roll in; wallow
-lụ 5., -lu, -lị, -liinfl. suff: (-lu after o u, -lị after ị, -li after i) neutral tense marker, denoting past with action verbs and present with non- alternating stative verbs: Ì lìlì gịnị̄? What did you eat? Fâ jèlụ̀ afịa They went to market: Àdâ màlụ̀ mmā Ada is beautiful: Ọ chọ̀lụ̀ egō He wants money. With alternating stative verbs, its absence denotes present time and its presence past time: Àdâ bù ìtè Ada is carrying a pot:
-lụ 6., -lu, -lị, -liext. suff. 1: (-lu after o u, -lị after ị, -i after i; follows inflectional suffixes) dative suffix, denoting that the action is done to or for the benefit of the indirect object: Ọ zụ̄tagolu m̄ ewu He has bought a goat for me. If there is no indirect object, it is understood to be for the benefit of the subject (reflexive): Bùlu jī Carry yams (for yourself). For rules of combination with -lụ 5. (neutral), see; -fụtalụ discover for · -gotelụ buy for

-mav: know; be familiar with; know how (to do something): Àmà m? Do I know? Ị̀ mà ebe o sì bịa? Do you know where he comes from? Ànyị amārọ ànị̀ We (as strangers) don’t know this place: Ọ mààlụ̀ anyà ụgbọ He drives well: Ị̀ mààlụ̀ àgụ akwụkwọ? Can you read?: Ọ̀ marọ̄ ède ifē He doesn’t know how to write: Ọ̀ marọ̄ ǹke bụ̀ aka nnī nà aka èkpè He doesn’t know his left from his right B. title-name for masqu; ọ̀mụma knowing; knowledge · -ma akwụkwọ be literate, brainy · -ma amụma prophesy; foretell · -ma anya be familiar with; attract; be good at doing something: Nni m mààlụ̀ anya yā bụ̀ ji My usual food is yam: Ọ mààlụ̀ anya akwà He’s a good judge of cloth · -ma àrụ become customary/habitual to: Ịtēta ụla n’elekele īse ụtụtụ̀ àmalụgo m̄ arụ I have become used to waking up at five o’clock in the mornin
-mav: A. jump B. shake; -ma ama hop · -mafè leap over · -mafù obì take the breath away · -magolu ànyị̀nyà -maghalị mount a horse jump about · -mani enū leap, jump · -ma n’ọnyà be caught in a trap · -maghalị shake (a vessel containing liquid) · -ma lìlì shiver · -marùbe shake; move · ànị̀ mmarùbe earthquake · ànị ọ̄ma jìjìjì earthquake · (àrụ) -ma nni tremble
-mav: stab; throw; pierce; stick in; -maghalị throw about · -ma mmà pierce, strike with sword, matchet; stab: Màa yā mmà! Stab him! · -manye attack with violence; force; persecute; assault · -ma osisi plant a live stick, slip or cutting · -ma ọ̀la slap · -mapu pierce (with knife, spear, etc.) · -mapụ̀ ostracise · mmapụ̀ ostracism · -mapụ̀ imi blow the nose · -ma ubè pierce with a spear · -ma ụ̀la, ọ̀la slap the face with the open han
-mav: A. mould B. stick together; stick to; compress together; pile up; -makọ compress together · -ma mkpūlu make an earthbed, mound · -ma òkpokō mould large morsel of pounded food (idiomatic) · -ma òkpoko ụtàlà ọ̀mụma ụnọ̄ īkwuù mould large morsel of pounded fufu encampment · -ma àbụ̀bà be fatty, plumpy · -mado stick; be sticky · -ma èbù become mouldy · -makụ̀ embrace · -makụ̀do stick; stick to · -makpù lie on the stomach · -dinà mmakpụ̀ lie on the stomach
-mav.:: Ọ māka! Good! It is very good, beautiful!; -ma mmā be good; be beautiful, handsome: Nnwatà nwokē afụ̀ màlụ̀ oke mmā The young man is very handsome · ọ̀fụma well
-mav: beat (of rain and sun); -madè be beaten by rain to the skin (of humans); be beaten soggy by rain (of articles) · -malì àmalì be drenched thoroughly
-mav: wrap; tie; ọ̀mụma wrapping · -ma akwà wear, tie wrapper; be dressed in wrapper (cf. -mà ọ̀gọ̀dọ̀) · -makwụ tie · -ma ọ̀gọ̀dọ̀ = -ma akwà wear, tie wrapper, be dressed in wrapper · akwā ọ̄mụma blanket; wrapper
-mav: announce; -ma àtụ̀ point at for illustration, as an example, a model; compare to · -ma ikpe condemn; be condemned: A màlụ̀ yà ikpe He was condemned · àmàm̀ikpe condemnation, conviction (in case) · -ma ìwu make, enact law · -ma ọkwà announce; give public notice
-mav: rub; press; -malà rub; stroke; soothe; massage · -makụ̀ bring near · -makụ̀ta clasp to body · -malụ̀ obì soothe the heart · -ma mmilī press sprain, etc., with cloth dipped in hot water
-maaux. v: marks the future negative tenses: Chikē amā-abịa Chike will not come (future negative): Chikē amā na-ègo jī Chike will not be (habitually) buying yams (future progressive negative, used in main clauses, cf. - ga 3.): Chikē amā egogo jī Chike will/must not have bought yams (future perfect negative): Chikē amā na-ègogo jī Chikē will not have been (habitually) buying yams/Chike can’t have been buying
-màv: measure (a quantity, e.g. salt or beans with cup, etc.); -màta buy (something measured)
-ma-jiv: fold over; double; mmaji folding; doubling · mmaji naàbọ̀ two-fold
-mev: do; act; make; happen; cause; òmume doing; acting; making; happening; Ọ̀ gịnị̄ mèlụ̀ ya? What has happened to him? · -me àgadī be old, decrepit · -me àgbọọ̀ do as, be a young woman · -me àghalā be troublesome, rascally · -me àkàjè humiliate; disgrace · -me aka n̄tụtụ̀ be fond of pilfering, picking and stealing · -me alụ̄ commit abomination; break taboo; do something traditionally forbidden · -me ànwàǹsị̀ conjure; perform magic
-mìv: be deep; be depressed inwards; òmìmì depth; (fig.) importance: Ọ dị̀ òmìmì It is deep · -mì èmì be deep, skilled, mysterious · -mìkpọ burst out crying after suppressed sobbing · -mì òmìmì dive · -mì ọnụ̄ draw in the mouth; pout; be envious
-mịv: dry (usually over fire); ọ̀mịmị drying · -mị azụ̀ dry fish · -mịkpọ dry (fish, corn, etc.)
-mịv: slip; move smoothly; ọ̀mịmị slipping · -mị àmị be slippery: Ọ nà-àmị āmị It is slippery · -mịbà plunge; sink in; enter stealthily · -mịghalị loiter about; walk stealthily about · -mị mmà draw sword, matchet · -mịnye sheathe (knife, etc.)
-mị̀v: suck; ọ̀mị̀mị̀ sucking · -mị̀kpọ akwa sob · -mị̀lị suck
-mụ: give birth to; beget; ọ̀mụmụ birth · -mụkwo give birth prematurely · -mụpụ̀ta bring forth; give birth to · ndị mụ̄lụ parents · ọ̀mụgwọ̀ birth feast; period from immediately after a woman’s safe delivery to about 3 months later, during which she is confined to home and does not go to market · ọ̀mụ̀lụ̀ nwa interest (on capital)
-mụv: sharpen; ọ̀mụmụ sharpening · -mụ mmà sharpen a sword, knife, matchet
-mụ̀v: learn; study; ọ̀mụ̀mụ̀ learning · -mụ̀ akwụkwọ study (lit. study book): Anà m̀ èje Òbòdò Oyìbo ịmụ̀ etu esì ebì akwụkwọ I am going to the United Kingdom to study printing · -mụ̀ta learn · onye mmụ̀ta scholar; pupil
-mụ̀v: shine; ọ̀mụ̀mụ̀ shining; brightness · -mụ̀ àmụ̀mà lighten (of lightning) · -mùlụ ọkụ light from (fire, etc.) · -mụ̀nye light (a lamp) · -mụ̀ ọkụ kindle light · -mụ̀sị glitter; shine
-mụ-mù, -mu-mù, -v: hum; murmur:

-nav: A. go home; go away (finally) B. go, return to husband or husband’s house B. go away, heal (of sore, cut, etc.); ọ̀nịna going home; leaving · -na àzụ lag; dawdle: Ọlụ m̄ nà-àna āzụ My work is lagging · -naba go home · nàba! go home! · -nabà go to bed · -na be dī A. (of woman just married) marry; go to husband’s house: Ọ gà-àna be dī n’ọnwa ọ̄zọ She will be married next month · -nachìgha return home · -nafè go abroad · -nafù go and not come back · nàa gboo farewell (to those expected to return) · -nakọ ànakọ
-nav: receive; take; take by force: Òne kà ọ nà-àna n’ọnwa? How much does he earn a month?; ọ̀nịna taking; receiving · -na akwụkwọ isī -nachìgha pay tax (lit. take tax-receipt) receive back; recover · -nado contain; retain; accommodate · -nalụ receive; take · -napụ̀ga save; redeem Onye Nnapụ̀ga Redeemer (cf. Onye Nzọpụ̀ta) · -napụ̀ta snatch out; snatch away; deliver · -napụ̀ta okwu force someone to speak out · -nata receive · -nata letà receive letter · -na ụgwọ̄ receive salary, wages, e
-na: aux.v. marks the progressive and habitual verb forms: Chikē nà-àbịa Chike is coming (progressive)/(usually) come (habitual): Chikē gà na-àbịa Chike will be coming (future habitual): Chikē gà na-ègogo jī Chike will/must have been (habitually) buying yams: Na-èbi ọ̀fụma Goodbye (lit. keep on living well):
-nainfl. suff: (-naà when in final position after non-low tone) negative commands: Ejēna ozi à Don’t go on this errand: Ejēnaà Do not go
-na-ghà, -na-ràv: prevent; hinder; restrain; -naghà ntị̀ refuse to listen; act wilfully: Ọ naghà ntị̀ wèe me ife à He did this thing wilfully · -naghà okwu interrupt
-na-lụv: win; be correct; (of statement) agree with statement or information previously made: Ọ nààlụ̀ gị You are correct
-na-rịext. suff. 1: more than; surpassing; -gbanarị surpass in running · -sonarị surpass in growth: Àda gà-èsonarị nwa nnē ya nwokē ogō Ada will grow taller than her brother
-na-rịext. suff. 1: away from; -fenarị fly away from: Egbe afụ̀ èfenarịgo m̄ The hawk has flown away from me (from my grip, or from where I kept it confined) · -gbanarị run away from (something); abscond from (something, someone): Nkịtā m zụ̀tàlụ̀ ǹnyàafụ̀ àgbanarịgo m̄ The dog I bought yesterday has run away (from me) · -nanarị go away from
-nev: look at B. see afar off; ònine looking · -ne anya behold; look (at); gaze at; look after; mind · -nebà look into · -nedà despise · nnedà contempt · -nedo look at closely; study; spy · -nedụ keep quiet, still · -nefe look after; serve; wait upon · -nefè anya connive at; wink at · -nefèga anya overlook; neglect · -nefù anya look aside; neglect; connive at · -nega A. visit · -negalụ visit and look after sick person · nnegalụ
-nev: entertain; reward; -ne ọbị̀à entertain a stranger; be hospitable · -ne ọlụ reward; pay (wage): Ọ gà-ène fā ọlụ He will reward them for their work
-niv: put in a place; tie up (animals, canoes, etc.); -nibe lay down, put down (child, sick person, corpse, etc.) · -nido tether (an animal) · -ninye lay down
-nìv: bury; ònìnì burying · -nìnye bury · -nì ozu bury corpse: Enìgo m̄ ozu nkịtā m nwụ̄lụ ǹnyàafụ̀ I have buried the body of my dog which died yesterday · inì grave
-nị̀v: despise, overlook, endure (e.g. insult); forgive: Anà m̀ anị̀ mkpalị I overlook insults Anị̀go m̄ ife ọjọọ̄ i mèlù m n’ọnwa gālụ aga I have forgiven you your offence of last month: Anà m̀ anị̀ ọnwụ nnē m I am enduring the death of my mother Proverb: E nenị̀a nwiìtè ọ̀ gbọnyụa ọkụ̄ If a small pot is despised it will bubble over with boiling water and extinguish the fire
-nị̀ext. suff. 1: describes a shrivelled or wrinkled state; -dọnị̀ be tough, fibrous (like meat or tendon, ligament, etc.): Anụ ị nyelụ m̄ mè ndọnị̀ The piece of meat you gave me is tough · -fenị̀ be shrivelled; shrivel · -kwụnị̀ be tough: Ọsè m zọ̀lụ̀ n’ugbō ǹnyàafụ̀ èfenị̀go The pepper I transplanted in the farm yesterday has shrivelled up
-ni-riv: rise up; start; depart; -niri ọtọ stand up
-nov: swallow; ònuno swallowing · -nodà swallow down · -nomìna swallow down · -no uno try to eat more than one’s share
-nọv: be slimy, slippery; -nọ ànọ be slippery, slimy (as okra or ọ̀gbọ̀nọ̀ soup, gum, etc.): Ofe nọ̄lụ ànọ adị̄rọ àsọ m̄, ya kpàtàlụ̀ nà mụ adị̄rọ èli ofe ọ̀gbọ̀nọ̀ I dislike slimy soups; for that reason I do not eat ọ̀gbọ̀nọ̀ soup · -nọcha slide; slip (= nwàcha, -kwàcha): Ànị̀ nà-ème nnọcha n’ụ̀tụtụ̄ à màkà nà mmilī ezòka ǹnyàafù The ground is slippery this morning because there was a lot of rain yesterday · ofe ọ̄nịnọ so
-nọv: rub thoroughly; massage; -nọcha rub; clean; polish: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ ìnọ̄cha mmà m kà ọ na-akwā màlàmàlà I want to polish my sword so that it will be glittering · -nọ ọgwụ̀ rub balm (on a particular place)
-nọ̀v: be in a place (of animate creatures); stay; dwell; be at home (cf. -bi, which refers to more permanent living); sit B. block the vein: Agà m̀ anọ̀chi ị̄ anya kà ị ghàlụ ịfụ̄ ife a nà-ème n’ime ụnọ̀ ọ̀fụma I am going to block your view in order to prevent you from seeing what is going on in the room properly; ọ̀nụ̀nọ̀ staying; dwelling · -nọ̀ anya represent; be in place of · -nọ̀chi usurp someone’s place; take the place of; succeed · -nọ̀chi anya A. take the place of (somebody); succeed; follow: Samsị̀n nà-àbịa ịnọ̀chì anya m̄ Samson is coming to replace me · -nọ̀chibìdo besiege; prevent; hinder: Ndi ilō m nà-àkwado ịnọ̄chìbìdò m ịbà n’òtù ụmụ̀ òkolọbị̀à My enemies are trying to bar my entry into the y
-nuv: push; take hold of and cause to move; ònunu pushing · -nu aka push · -nubà push in · -nu enu urge; force someone to do something against his wish · -nufù mislead; deceive; advise wrongly; seduce; push out of the way · -nughalị go about (in a herd or crowd); push about · -nukpọ urge on; hurry on · -nunù entangle; perplex; bewilder; be entangled · -nunye push into (e.g. trouble, problematic situation); mislead into · -nupụ̀ push out; sa
-nuv: be bitter; -nu inu be bitter: Ọgwụ̄ ǹkaà nà-ènu inū This drug is bitter
-nuv: buy (palm wine, or other native drink); cf. -go, -zụ buy (anything else); -kpa (buy oil only); -nuta mmanya buy native wine (e.g. palm wine): Jèe nùtalụ m̄ mmanya Go and buy me some palm wine
-nuv: rear animals; ònunu rearing (animals) · ife enunu domestic animals; cattle; poultry
-nùderiv. suff: ever: Ọ̀ bịanùrọ̀ ebe à He never visited here: Ọ̀ fụnùgo ụzọ̀? Was he ever able to see?; -nùta (deriv. suff.) never; not ever (with negative verb): Ọ mā enwenùta ike ibūtù m̀ n’ànị̀ She will never be able to throw me to the ground
-nụv: hear; ọ̀nụnụ hearing · -nụ anụ hear; obey · -nụcha hear well · -nụfìè hear incorrectly · -nụfịalụ overhear · -nụ isì smell; scent · -nụ okwu hear; obey · -nụta ìkpè hear bad talk about someone (and often report it)
-nụv: marry; ọ̀nụnụ marrying: Anụ̀lụ̀ m̀ ya ǹnyàafụ̀ I married her yesterday · -nụ di marry (of woman) · -nụ nwaànyị̀ marry (of man) · -nụ nwunye marry (of man)
-nụ̀v: fight; war; strive; -nụ̀ agha fight a war; war · -nụ̀cha loot · -nụ̀ ọ̀gụ̀ fight (a fight) · -nụ̀pụ̀ isi be disobedient; rebel; revolt · -nụ̀sò strive, fight, against; war with · -nụ̀sò agha war against; engage in battle against · -nụ̀sò ọ̀gụ̀ fight against · -nụ̀ta fight for; spoil; rob; loot: Òkeēke tìlì nwa Okaàfọ̀, Okaàfọ̀ weè je ịnụ̀tà ọ̀gụ̀ Okeeke beat Okaafọ’s son, so Okaafọ went to fight on his behalf · -nụ̀
-nụ̀-chav: purify; prove; try; refine; be purified, proved, etc. (metals, by fire)
-nwà: attempt; try; essay; tempt; prove; ọ̀nwụ̀nwà temptation; trial; proof · nwà kene! just try! Try first! · -nwàne try; tempt; attempt · -nwànye try (to a praiseworthy extent) · -nwà òkò try one’s best
-nwà-chav: be slippery (as of mud)
-nwe: v. have; own; ònwunwe having · -nwe afọ ọma be generous, kind, benevolent · -nwe àgbà have a say in; have influence · -nwe aka ntachi be stingy, miserly · -nwe ākọ be intelligent · -nwe anya ukwu -nwe àtụ̀ covet have an equal, another of its kind · -nwe efè have a chance; find it convenient; have an opportunity: Ènwerọ̄ m efè I have no chance, opportunity · -nwe èzi nà ụnọ̀ become a householder · -nwefọ have re
-nwè: see -nwò
-nwo: v. pluck; remove (grains of maize, ripe palm-nuts, from cob or bunch); fall out (e.g. from the socket like a joint or ripe fruit); -nwoji break off · nnwòji, nnwoji sprain; dislocation · -nwojipụ̀ be out of joint · -nwosị pluck, remove (grains of maize or ripe palm-fruits from cob or bunch respectively) · -nwosịsị̀ drop leaves or unripe fruit (of tree)
-nwò, -wò, -nwè: v. change; be changed; metamorphose; transfigure; ònwùnwè, changing · ònwùnwò · -nwò àrụ, -wò àrụ -nwò ènwò, -wò change bodily appearance (e.g. put mask on or off) change; be changed; metamorphose; be transfigured · èwò · -gbanwò change; exchange Bikō gbanwòolụ m̄ ji ǹkaà màkà nà o lèlụ̀ ùle Please change this yam for me, for it is rotten: Ndị àfè ojiiị̀ jìdèlụ̀ òfu nwokē nā-agbanwò egō n’afịa The police arrested a man exchanging money in the mar
-nwu: v. shine; burn; be clean, pure, bright; flare; blaze; ònwunwu shining; burning; being clean · -nwuchapụ̀ be thoroughly clean; wash, rinse out; absolve · -nwuchita anya dazzle the eyes · -nwu enwu · A. shine; blaze; flare · B. be clean, pure, bright · -nwu gbàà shine, glitter, very brightly; be very white · -nwugha change colour · -nwulàpụ̀ flash · -nwulu ọkụ catch fire · -nwu màlàmàlà dazzle; be dazzling · -nwupụ̀ glitter · -nwusà shine around; illum
-nwụ: 1. v.; A. die · ọ̀nwụnwụ dying · -nwụ anwụ be dead · -nwụnye ọlụ be very ill, half-dead · -nwụ ọnwụ Chiị̀ die a natural death: Nwoke afụ̀ nwụ̀lụ̀ ọnwụ Chiị̀ ya The man died a natural death · -gbanwụ wither; shrink; be numb · B. be paralysed · C. be very incapable, inefficient · anwụ̄ anwụ neg. noun phrase, as in: Onye à bụ̀ anwụ̄ anwụ This person never seems to get old, or, This person bears a charmed li
-nwụv: catch; grip; -nwụ àrụ make ill; be ill; cause illness · (àrụ) nwụ be sick: Àrụ nà-ànwụ yā He is sick · àrụ ọ̄nwụnwụ illness · -nwụde catch; grip; seize; throw in wrestling; catch (e.g. thief) red- handed · -nwụdo catch; snare
-nwụ̀ext. suff: again; re- (denoting repetition of an action); -denwụ̀ re-iron; iron again: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ị denwụ̀a akwà afụ̀ I want you to re-iron that cloth · -sụnwụ̀ re-wash; wash again: Ọ gà-àsụnwụ̀ akwà ọ sụ̀lụ̀ n’ụ̀tụtụ̀ She will re-wash the cloth she washed in the morning
-nwụ̀-: v.:; -nwụ̀chi anya close, shut eyes
-nwụ̀, -ñụ̀- 3.: v.; -nwụ̀ ọnwụ̀ take without permission from a close friend: Ọ chị̀lị̀ àfe ị̀gọzi ijì nwụ̀sa ykā ọnwụ̀ She took Ngọzi’s clothes because they were intimate (implies N. can easily spare them and will not be annoyed) · -nwụ̀ta borrow (clothes, accessories, etc.) to wear to make a good impression
-nyav: be sticky; -nyachi stop up cracks; seal · -nyado stick; stop up a hole · -nyakụ adhere; cling; stick · -nyakụdo adhere to; cling to; stick to
-nyàv: bend; drive (a vehicle); ọ̀nyị̀nyà bending; driving · nnyagọ̀ crookedness; sinuousness; bent state
-nyà: 3. v.:; -nyà isi boast: Ọ nà-anyàka isi He boasts too much
-nyà-v: break; -nyàji (trans. and intrans.) break asunder; snap: (trans.) Ènwè afụ̀ nà-àchọ ịnyàjì alakā osisi The monkey is going to break the branch of the tree: (intrans.) Alakā osisi afụ̀ gà-anyàji tupu ụtụtụ̀ echiị̀ The branch of the tree will break before tomorrow morning · -nyàjipụ̀ break, snap, off: Nyajìpụ̀ alakā osisi afụ̀ Break off the branch of the tree · -nyàka break off; pull off; sever; pluck off
-nyefè: 1. hand over
-nyefè: 2. give to excess; -nye iru pay attention to · -nyeju supply · -nyeju afọ feed well · -nye n’aka commit; hand over to · -nye ǹdụ̀mọ̀ọdụ give counsel, advice · -nye ǹgàlị̀ bribe · -nye nsògbu trouble; vex; persecute · -nye nsọpụ̀lụ give respect · -nye nzu pronounce judgement in favour of; justify; acquit · # · -nye ònyìnye give a present make an offering (especially in church during harvest, and periodically); make d
-nyi: v. get up: Nyìe ọtọ̄ Stand up: Nyìri Stand up and go
-nyị̀: v.; A. be weighty, heavy · ọ̀nị̀nyị̀ being heavy, weighty · -nyị̀do load heavily; become too heavy for: Ibu afụ̀ anyị̀dogo Èjìma The load has become too heavy for Ejima. (Ejima has been walking along with the load on her head but now the load has become so weighty that she can no longer move) · -nyị̀gbu overload; load to death; be overloaded, heavy-laden: Bị̀àkutenụ̀ m ụnụ̀ ndị ibu nà-anyị̀gbu Come un
-nyò: v. peep; observe; stare; spy; look through (microscope, telescope, etc.); ònyìnyò shadow; reflection; picture · -nyòcha · A. examine; look at thoroughly, closely · nnyòcha thorough examination · -nyòcha · B. be inquisitive, curious (fig.) Ị nā-enyòchaka You are too inquisitive · oke nnyòcha great curiosity (esp. about small things) · -nyòchata be curious, inquisitive: Ị nā-enyòchataka You are too inquisitive · nnyòchata curiosity; inquisitiveness · -nyò ènyò peep · ènyò
-nyọ: v.; -nyọ ụkọlọ̄ be lazy
-nyụv: excrete; secrete; ooze; -nyụ arụ̀lụ̀ pass wind, fart, ‘gas’ · -nyụsịsị ooze out; spout
-nyụv: be extinguished; die out; go out (of light, fire); ọ̀nyụnyụ being extinguished; dying out · -nyụ nkọ be blunt · -tinyụ extinguish by beating: Ejì m̀ aka tinyu ọkụ̄ I beat out the light with my palm · -nyụkwụ̀do shut the eyes

-ŋav: singe; burn; scorch; ọ̀ŋịŋa scorching · -ŋacha singe; burn; scorch · -ŋa ọ̀gbàdụ roast corn · -ŋa n’ọkụ roast
-ŋav: listen; -ŋa ntị̀ listen; heed; incline the ear; pay attention
-ŋàv: be in excess; ọ̀ŋị̀ŋà being in excess: Àdịrọ̄ m èli ofe nnu ŋàlụ̀ I do not eat soup with excessive salt Mmilī ŋàlụ̀ mmanya ǹkaà This palm wine has been excessively diluted with water. (Lit. Water is in excess in this palm wine)
-ŋàv: be spoilt by exposure ;to sunlight (of yam, cassava, cocoyam, etc.)
-ŋàv: shake (tr.); roll (intr.) B. roll about (as of a boat on water), swing here and there (intr.): Nèe kà ụgbọ afụ̄ sì aŋàghalị n’enu mmīli See how that boat is rolling about on the water: Kèdu ǹkè ị nà-aŋàghalị kà ụgbọ? Why are you rolling about like a boat? B. fade (intr.) (of colour, photo, etc.): Akwà afụ̀ nà-aŋàcha àŋàcha That cloth fades, or that cloth is fading: Akwà afụ̀ nà-ème nŋàcha That clo; -ŋàgha shake (a container of liquid): Ŋàghaa ìtè ọgwụ̀ afụ̀ Shake the medicine pot · -ŋàghalị A. shake (a container of liquid) around: Ŋàghalịa ìtè ọgwụ̀ afụ̀ kà ọgwụ̄ dị̄ n’imē ya wèlụ jezùe ọnụ̄ Shake the pot of medicine round so that the medicine in it may mix well · -ŋà-cha A. rinse (tr.): Ejīgo m̄ nchà sasịa afele. Ọ fọ̀zị̀lị̀ kà m ji mmili dị̄ mma ŋàchaa yā I have washed the plate with soap.
-ŋev: step over; òŋiŋe stepping over · -ŋefè step over; trespass: Eŋēfègo m̄ōzu agwọ̄ dịchili ụzọ̀ I have stepped over the dead snake on the path · -ŋefèga step over; trespass: Bikō eŋēfègàkwọ̀nà okè mụ nà gị màkà nà achọ̄rọ m kà ị bàta n’ànị̀ m Please do not overstep our boundary for I do not want to find you on my land · -ŋefèta step over · nŋefèta stepping over; step; threshold (of door or house) · -ŋe òfì, òrì
-ŋòv: borrow (anything but money) (cf. -nwụ̀ 3.); -ŋò iyī borrow thing used by another for oath-taking · -ŋòtalụ, -ŋụ̀talụ borrow for; help borrow: Jèe ŋòtalụ m̄òfu ochē Go and borrow a chair for me
-ŋò-miv: imitate; nŋòmi imitation · ife nŋòmi pattern; example
-ŋụv: drink: Anà m̀ èje ịŋụ̄ mmilī I am going to drink water; ọ̀ŋụŋụ drinking; drink · ife ọ̄ŋụŋụ drink · mmili ọ̄ŋụŋụ drinking water · -ŋụ ala suck breast (of infants) · -ŋụbìga mmanya okè get drunk · -ŋụ iyī take an oath; swear: Ì nwèlụ̀ ike ịŋụ̄ iyī? Can you swear it? · ọ̀ŋụŋụ iyī oath-taking · -ŋụlụ drink from; drink a little: Ŋụ̀lụ nwantịntị Drink a little
-ŋụ̀v: be glad; exult, rejoice (against); crow over B. (fig.) cry as a spoilt child; -ŋụ̀lị rejoice; jubilate · -ŋụ̀lụ receive; greet; congratulate; be fond of: Òbi nà-aŋụ̀lụ ụmụ̀ akā Obi is fond of children Jèe ŋụ̀alụ Ụnọ̀ọma Go and congratulate Ụnọọma · -ŋụ̀ ọŋụ̀ A. be glad; exult; rejoice; crow over
-ŋụ̀: see -nwụ̀ 3.
-ŋụ̀-nụ, -ŋò-nụv: mimic; copy: Ọ nà-aŋụ̀ŋụ nnwa nā-ebe akwā He is mimicking the child’s crying

-o: see -a

Ọ

-ọ: see -a

-pav: carry; bear; -padò lay down · -paga carry to · -pana take home · -panite lift up; (fig.) stir up, begin · -pata bring; carry towards the speaker: Pàtalụ m̄ìtè afụ̀ Bring me that pot
-pàv: compress; squeeze out, express (e.g. juice from a fruit); press together B. wet mud; wet mud for building; ọ̀pụ̀pà compressing; pressing; pressure · -pàkọ press together; compress · -pàsịsị press something (liquid) from · -pàtọ̀ press into a mess (e.g. ripe fruit) · àpàlàpà, àpị̀làpị̀ fresh fufu · ụpà A. clay soil
-pà-kov: be proud, arrogant, pompous, aloof, haughty; mpàko haughtiness; pride; pomposity; aloofness · -me mpàko be proud, pompous, arrogant, aloof
-pev: be small, little; -peka be very, too, small: Ife m kètàlụ̀ n’anụ afụ̀ èpeka My share of the meat was very small · -pelụ ọnụ̄ be chipped, jagged · -pe m̀pe be small, little · -kụpe break off part of: Ị gà-àkụpe afele afụ̀ You will break that plate · -tipe break off
-pe-tụv: reach; touch; concern: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ị kèe anụ̄ afụ̀ kà o petụ mmadụ̀ niīne I want you to divide that meat so that it may reach everybody: Okwu afụ̀ pètụ̀lụ̀ m The matter concerns me; -petụgbàdo reach, concern, all
-pịv: carve; shape wood with sharp instrument; ọ̀pịpị carving · -pị alụ̄sị carve, shape image · -pịcha shape; sharpen; peel; carve · -pị egbè carve wooden part of gun
-pị̀v: squeeze; extract by pressure; press: Anà m̀ apị̀ esuso sōlụ m n’isi kà abụ niīne dị̄ n’imē ya wèe pụ̀tasịa I am squeezing the boil on my head in order to get rid of all the pus in it: Ànyị nà-apị̀ ụkwà We are pressing out the seeds from the fruit of the African Breadfruit (Treculia africana); ọ̀pị̀pị̀ wringing; pressing; squeezing · -pị̀ amụ̀ (cf. -gba amụ̀) castrate: Nnā ānyị nà-àkwadebe ịpị̀ m̀kpi ọ zụ̀tàlụ̀ n’afịa ǹnyàafụ̀ amụ̀ Father is preparing to castrate the he-goat he bought from the market yesterday · -pị̀cha squeeze out · -pị̀gbu kill by squeezing · -pị̀kọ compress; press together · -pị̀nye squeeze into: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ ịpị̀nyè ọgwụ̀ n’anya nā-enye m̄nsògbu I want to squeeze som
-pịav: A. flog; cane: Ọ bụlụ nà ị bàta ime ụnọ̀ agà m̀ àpịa gị̄ If you enter the house I shall thrash you B. smash; be smashed, flattened: Ènyò ọkụ̄ m àpịago The bulb of my lantern has smashed C. used as second verb, can be either -pịa or -pị̀à; ọ̀pịpịa flogging; caning · -pịa apịa flog · -pịacha flap (wing in water); shake off (dust, etc.) · -pịafùsị flog and scatter · -pịa ife whip; flog; punish generally; chastise · -pịa ìtàlị̀ flog with whip; whip; chastise: Onye nkụzi nà-àpịa ụmụ̀ akwụkwọ ịtàlị̀ The teacher is caning the pupils · -pịasàsị flog and scatter · ọ̀pịpịa smashing · -pịa apịa smash; be flattened: Ọ̀jà m chọ̄lụ kà ị zụtalụ m
-pịav: gather; arrange; reckon; reckon up; make account; -pịakọ gather, press together · -pịazi settle; reckon up; make account
-piov: to force way through small doorway, small opening in wall, thicket; -piobà(nye) enter into by forcing way through very small doorway, opening, or inlet: Atụlụ̄ èpiobàgo ime ọbā The sheep has pushed its way into the barn · -pioghalị sneak about (as in thick forest): Òfu onyē m fụ̀lụ̀ na-epīoghalị n’ime ọfị̄a ǹnyàafụ̀ yìlì onye orī a nà-àchọ A certain man I saw sneaking about in the jungle yesterday resembled the thief who is being looked for · -pionye squeeze self
-puv: grow; spring up; sprout B. (fig.) live for ever: (fig.) Ọ chọ̀lụ̀ ipū elō He wants to live for ever; òpupu growing; springing up; sprouting · -pu elō A. grow fungus · -pu epu spring up; sprout; grow · -pu n’ànị̀ be native or home-born, indigenous (lit. grow, sprout in the soil)
-puv: leak; have holes; be perforated; òpupu leaking · -pu epu be perforated; leak; have hole(s)
-pụ̀v: go out (of): Pụ̀a n’ebe à Get out of this place B. (acting like suffix) completely; ọ̀pụ̀pụ̀ going out (of) · ime ọ̀pụ̀pụ̀ miscarriage · -pụ̀ ala be mad; become mad · -pụ̀ ala aghụ̀ghọ̀ pretend to be mad (in order to cheat or trick) · -pụ̀ ama go to toilet (lit. go out to the fore-compound, beyond the main compound door) · -pụ̀cha go away · -pụ̀ ijè go on tour; travel · -pụ̀ ìlo go out; take stroll · -pụ̀kwu ọ̀lịlị̄ go out for a stroll in direction of friend(s); go out and visit;
-pụ̀v: snatch; take by force; ọ̀pụ̀pụ̀ snatching; taking by force: Ọ chọ̀lụ̀ ịpụ̀ yà akwụkwọ yā He wants to take his book (from his hands) by force · -pụ̀lụ snatch from; wrench from; take from by force · -pụ̀malụ snatch, wrench from; take by force: Ndị orī apụ̀malụgo Āda egō ya The thieves have snatched Ada’s money from her · -pụ̀nalụ snatch · m̀pụ̀m robbery with violence · ndị m̀pụ̀m highwaymen; robbers; bandits
-pụ̀v: be able, sufficient: Apụ̀lụ̀ m̀ ijī igwè je ọgụ maìl ìsiì n’ụbọ̀sị̀I can go 120 miles on a bicycle in one day: Jesù pụ̀lụ̀ ịgbāpụ̀tà ànyị̀ n’orù Jesus can redeem us from slavery; -pụ̀ imē be able to do: Apụ̀lụ̀ m̀ imē ya I am able to do it · -pụ̀(lụ) òkò be able · apụ̀ imē inability to do; impossibility

-rav: comb; ọ̀rịra combing · -ra isi comb (hair of head) · -ra ǹra comb with comb · ǹra comb
-rav: knead; -ra nni knead pounded food in plate or mortar, etc.
-rav: make; produce (rain); -ra mmilī make, produce rain · ọ̀ra m̄mili rain-maker: Ndi ilō ānyị̂ chọ̀lụ̀ ịrā mmilī taà ijī wèe mebì egwu ānyị nà- àchọ ibū pụ̀tà taàtà Our enemies want to make it rain today in order to spoil the dance we are launching today
-rav: consider; discuss; -ra alò consider; take counsel, consult together; advise · -ralụ alò consider; take counsel; counsel; consult together; advise · -ranye alò advise; give advice: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ onye gā-aranye m̄alò bànyelụ ịfe m gà-ème onye nā ada àbịa ebe à kwà anyàsị̀ inyē nnwa m̄ nsògbu I want someone to advise me on what to do with the person who comes here every night to trouble my child
-rav: sound; ọ̀rịra sounding · -ra ara sound; make a stir, be a success: Nkupùte nnwā Òfuèpeka ràlụ̀ àra ri nnē The naming ceremony of Ofuepeka’s child was a big occasion · -ra ọnụ̄ sound: · Ị̀gba ǹke à nà-àra ọnụ̄ ri nnē This drum sounds great
-rav: send; -ra ìfulū blossom; flower · -ra ozi send on errand · -ra ụkọ̀ send representative, ambassador, special messenger, middleman
-ràv: be equal, on an equality; be so; -rà ịrà be equal · -ra kà amount to; be equal to; be as big or small as: Ọ rà kà ìze It is very large · -rà ǹràmanya, be equal, level, square: · ǹràanya Fa ị̀bụ̀ộ rà ǹràmanya The two are equal: Ife o nyēlụ gị̂ rà kà ǹkè o nyēlụ m What he gave you is equal to what he game me · -rà ọnụ̄ be equal
-ràv: leave; abandon; give up; release grip on; release; leave alone; allow; permit: Ndị àfè ojiī aràgo Āda The police have released Ada: Ràa yā aka! Leave him alone! B. leave; give up; hand over A. leave; abandon; give up; release grip on; release; leave alone; allow; permit; omit; spare: Bikō rapụ̄ m aka Please let me go, or, Please leave me alone: Èjìọ̀fọ sọọ̀! sọọ̀! Rapụ̄ m̄aka! Èjìọ̀fọ sọọ̀! sọọ̀!; -ràdà pull down; let down from a height; lower · -ràfù abandon; neglect; let go astray; allow too much liberty to (e.g. a child, which leads it to be a trifle spoilt or wild) · -ràlụsị(lị) leave altogether (to) · -rànye A. lower into · -ràpụ̀ (= -rà, -ràlụ) · nrapụ̀ abandonment · -rapụ̀ ọkwa abdicate
-ràv: bore (esp. with red-hot instrument); -rà àrà bore · -ràpu bore hole (with red-hot instrument): Anà m̀ àchọ ịràpù akpàtì m I am preparing to bore a hole through my box · -ràpusị bore many holes through: Anà m̀ àkwadebe ịràpùsị̀ ọkwa à nụụ̄ dị̄ n’ime ụnọ̀ I am preparing to bore many holes through that wooden bowl in the house
-ra 1. (also -ralụ)v: A. choose; prefer B. pick or take a few things randomly from collection of many by dipping the hand into the container (like dipping the hand into a basketful of kernels and taking some kernels): Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ ịrālụ ọnwà n’ime àchị̀cha dị̄ n’ime afele I want to take some from among the biscuits on the plate B. (fig.) cause great trouble or hardship; -ra anwụ̄ A. take honey from the comb (after driving away the bees) · -ranye take, with hands, a few from among many (e.g. grains in a basket) and give · -ranye ijè pick one’s way; move on slowly; step; toddle (as child)
-ràaext. suff. 3: only; simple; just: Ọ bụ̀ sọ̀ọsọ̀ i nyēràa yā ife ọ chọ̀lụ̀ kà okwu gà-èji bè It is only if you give her what she wants that the quarrel will end: I nyeràa m̄ife m chọ̀ òkwu ebèe If you just give me what I want the quarrel will end
-ràbaext. suff: for long; after a long time (denoting a great degree either of smallness or bigness); -beràba cry for a long time: Nnē jụ̀ nà ya amā enye Āda nnī; Àda beràba akwā nnē aŋārọ ya ntị̀ Mother refused to give Ada some food; though Ada cried for a long time, mother did not answer her · ọ̀ bụràba even if: Bikō nye m̄egō ọ̀ bụràba kọpọ̀ Please give me some money, even a kobo
-rev: pick up (of cloth, mats and other objects which are broad, flexible and capable of being rolled up. Such an object is assumed to be in its spread-out form; -re then implies rolling and taking up, though the object can be picked up by one side in its spread-out form without first rolling it. But the most important point is that it must be spread out, otherwise -re will not be used); -rekọba wrap; roll up · -rekọbà roll up into · -relu pick up (mat, cloth, etc.) and take · -reni pick up (mat, etc.)
-rèv: walk stealthily; move, walk, very slowly or lazily: Ogè Èke nà ọ̀yị̀ ya nwokē nà-àgba ìzù n’ime ụnọ̀ Àda rèlụ rèlụ jee kwachanye n’àzụ ajā kà o wèe nụ ife fa nà-èkwu When Eke and his friend were discussing things in the room, Ada went stealthily and leaned against the back wall so that she might hear what they were discussing; -rebìga glide over · -règhalị walk about stealthily; prowl; loiter; dodge work; malinger: Ọ̀ gịnị̂ kpàtàlụ̀ ibè gị jì àlụ ọlụ̄ ị̀ bàta n’ụnọ̀ na-erèghalị? Why are you hanging around the house while your colleagues are busy working? · -rèpụ̀ walk, creep out stealthily · -rèpụ̀ n’ọlụ leave, abandon work stealthily, unnoticed or unannounced
-riv: leak; be leaking: Ìtè m nà-èri ēri My pot is leaking; -ri mmilī leak; be leaking
-rịv: walk (of insects); -rị àrị walk (of insects) · -rị āzụ move back; flinch; be reluctant; hold back; fall back · -rịchìgha move backwards (of insects); flow back, down (of water) · -rịrụka move aside; push aside
-rịv: fill up (of healing sore, or receptacle being gradually filled with water) B. heal; granulate (of wound); -rịchi swell and fill (a receptacle); heal up (of wound) · -rịlị A. swell; rise; puff out; increase in bulk (as dough)
-rị̀v: A. mark; mark distinctively; put mark on in order to be able to recognise the object marked in future B. remark; notice; -rị̀ amā mark · -rị̀ba amā mark something; put a mark on · nrị̀ba amā mark; distinguishing mark · ife nrị̀ba amā a mark (placed on something in order to distinguish it from the others or in order to be able to recognize it in future): Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ànyị begbàdo ewu ānyị niīne ntị̀ aka nnī kà ọ bụlụ ife nrị̀ba amā ijī wèe malụ ewu ānyị ebe ànyị àfụ̀nà ya I suggest that we cut off the right ear of
-rị̀v: cry out (and sob, hard); exclaim in astonishment; -rị̀ akwa cry out · -rị̀ mkpu cry out with exclamations of horror (e.g. as when a man wakes one day and finds that burglars have removed almost all his belongings during the night. He cries out to attract attention) · -rị̀ òkù shout for
-rị̀v: hurt internally, like pain from septic sore or rheumatic joint; -rị̀nyị hurt
-rị̀v: heal; granulate (of wound)
-ri-v: clean, wipe off; -richa wipe, clean off (e.g. dusty table with damp duster) · -richapụ̀ cleanse; purify · -ripụ̀ push back (gradually pushing object, e.g. on a table, till it falls off it); wipe off
-rị̀-v: compress hard (e.g. the throat); choke; press firmly against; -rị̀do choke; throttle · -rị̀lị go aground · -rị̀nye give up; hand over
-rị, -ri, -rụ, -ruext. suff. 1: intensity, completeness of action (cf. -lụ 5.?); -churu fade; tarnish (stronger than -chu) · -feniri fly up (with the idea of abruptness or suddenness): Egbe m jèkọ̀ ịgbā egbè èfenirigo The hawk I was going to shoot has flown away · -fùru be lost: Àda efùrugo Ada is lost · -mìri dive deep · -nwụrụ be dead: Nkịtā m ànwụrụgo My dog is dead · -nyiri stand up and go
-rov: root; uproot; -rogha move; transplant · -roni move; root up · -ro obì migrate; go and live elsewhere · -ropụ̀ move; root up; cast out; root out
-ròv: tell (story, usu. featuring songs); -rò irò tell story; tell story in which song features; tell tale, fable
-ròv: hang; be strangled; òrùrò hanging; strangling
-rọv: pinch (e.g. with nail, claw); -rọ alụ pain severely; throb · -rọ mbo pinch, scratch with nails
-rọinfl. suff: not (-rọọ̀ when in final position after non-low tone): Ị bị̄arọziì You did not come at all/after all Ọ bị̄anụ̀rọ He has not yet come: Ọ mārọọ̀ He doesn’t know
-rọv: lift down (e.g. pot from the cooking tripod, after the food has been cooked); -rọpụ̀ lift down (e.g. pot from tripod): Rọpụ̄ ìtè ọ bụlụ nà nni eghègo Lift down the pot if the food is done · -rọpụ̀ta lift down and out (e.g. pot from the cooking tripod) · -rọtù lift down
-rọ̀v: choose; pick; ọ̀rụ̀rọ̀ choosing; picking: Ànyị̂ chọ̀lụ̀ ịrọ̀ ndị gāje ịnọ̀chì anya ānyị na nzùkọ echī We want to choose those who are going to represent us in tomorrow’s meeting · -rọ̀ òtù discriminate; choose group, society, club · -rọ̀pụ̀ta choose, pick out; ordain: Rọpụ̀ta n̄di gā-eje ịgbā bọọ̀lụ̀ Pick out those who are going to play football: Rọpụ̀ta mkpụlụ akwụ̄ a gà-èbu je afị̄a Pick out the palm nuts tha
-rọ̀v: bruise; squeeze; mash: Àdâ chọ̀lụ̀ ịrọ̀ ònugbù a gà-èji te ofē n’anyàsị̀ Ada wants to squeeze the bitter leaves with which to prepare a soup in the evening
-rọ-gov: go up; -rọgo(lụ) ascend; go up; climb: Ogè Onye nwē anyị nà-àkwadebe ịrọ̄go n’enu igwē Ọ kpọ̄kọ̀lụ̀ ụmụ̄ āzụ Ya ọnụ, nye fā nkasì obì When our Lord was about to ascend into heaven He called His disciples together and comforted them · -rọgota climb up towards (the speaker): Rọ̀gota n’ebe ànyị nọ̀ Come up where we are
-rọ-gọ̀v: twist; twist and bend: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ ịrọ̄gọ̀ aŋa a gà-èji kpā ǹkàtà I want to bend the cane with which to make a basket; -rọgọ̀ba coil
-ruv: pour; cast metal; òruru pouring · -ru ajā pour away sand · -rubà pour in · -ruchanye pour into (the object is assumed small and all is intended to be poured into it at once) · -rufèga pour over · -rufù pour away, spill (of water): Mmanya dị̄ n’ime īko èrufùgo The wine in the cup has spilt · -rukpọ gouge out (eye) · -rukwàsị pour upon · -ru mmilī pour out water · -ru nwamīli urinate: Anà m̀ èje irū nwamīli I am goin
-ruv: A. bend down; turn; change (for worse); stoop; influence; respect; venerate B. be downcast; mourn; -ru alụ̄sị venerate divinities · -rube bow; submit · -rube isi incline the head; obey; submit, be loyal to; give respect to: Afụ̀lụ̀ m̀ Ọjị̀ n’anya màkà nà ọ nà-èrubelụ m̄isi I like Ọjị because he obeys me: Ọ nà-èrubelu ezè isi He is loyal to the king: Nwokē afụ̀ anārọ èrubelu ndi ọchịchị isi The man gives no respect to people in authority · -rudo persuade; urge; compel · -rugọ̀ bend; stoop · -rug
-ruv: rub on; -ru ufie rub camwood on body
-ruv: grow (of tubers, e.g. yam): Ji m kọ̀lụ̀ n’ọnwa gālụ aga èbidogo irū The yam I planted last month has started to grow a new tuber; -ru nne grow (of tuber); grow to more than average size (of tuber)
-rùv: flow (like a river); -rùbà flow into: Òsìmìrì Naịjà nà-èrubà n’ime mmili nnū a nà-àkpọ Àtlantìk The Niger River flows into an ocean called the Atlantic · -rùchibìdo flood: Mmilī erūchìbìdogo ogbē ụ̄fọdụ Some districts are flooded · -rùdà run down (of water); flow down · -rùfèga flow over · -rùfù flow, run away · -rùghalị flow; float; drift to and fro: Mmilī nà-erùghalị n’ebe niīne na Mbà Mmīli Water flows everywhere i
-rụv: roast; -rụdà burn up (through roasting): Gịnị̄ kà ị nà-àrụ? Anà m̀ àrụ jī What are you roasting? I am roasting a yam · -rụ ọkụ broil; roast; scald; burn (of live things)
-rụ̀v: "price"; bargain: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ ịrụ̀ akwā à ọnụ̄ I want to price this cloth; -rụ̀dà lower the price; price down · -rụ̀ ọnụ̄ price; name a price for · -rụ̀ ụmā charge, price more than right price
-rụ̀v: shake; shiver; -rụ̀ agbọọ̄ retch; make feel nausea; cause nausea: Ọnya dị̄ n’isi Āda nà-arụ̄ m̄ agbọọ̄ The sore on Ada’s head is causing me nausea · -rụ̀ àrụ̀ shake; shiver; shiver with cold · -rụ̀ lìlì, -rụ̀ lìlìlì shiver; quiver: Nwatā wụ̄lụ mmili oyī nà-arụ̄ lìlìlì The child who washed with cold water is shivering · -rụ̀pụ̀ untie; shake off; shake oneself free of · -rụ̀rube rumble (of thunder) · -rụ̀rụ̀pụ̀ sh
-rụ̀v: shout seriously at in order to scare off or to warn; -rụ̀ni scare off · -rụ̀rụ̀pụ̀ shout and thereby stop someone from doing something: Arụrụ̀pụ̀go m̄egbe ibū ọkụkụ̀ I shouted at the hawk and prevented it carrying off the chicken
-rụ̀v: blow (bellows); -rụ̀ ekò blow bellows
-rụ̀v: perform routine or occasional obligation to a divinity, by offering certain sacrifices to it; usually done by the head priest of a particular divinity (sometimes propitiation for appeasement); -rụ̀ alụ̄sị serve a deity · -rụ̀ ànị̀ sacrifice to ground, regarded as deity · -rụ̀ mọọ, mọọ̄ look after deities
-rụ̀v: hurry something up; jump about with excitement
-ru-beext. suff. 1: around: A chọ̀ m̀ kà ụnụ̀ garube m̄òkìlìkili I want you (pl.) to form a circle round me. (In imperative can sometimes be used without -be: Tùru yā òkìlìkili Plant (things) around it)
-rù-beext. suff. 1: (move about) thoroughly; vigorously; -kwerùbe shake thoroughly · -marùbe shake thoroughly
-ru-ka: see -rụ-ka
-rụ-ka, -ru-kaext. suff. 1: aside; -buruka move aside (something heavy) · -kpụrụka drag, move to one side: Kpụ̀rụka ochē afụ̀ n’ụzọ̀ Drag that chair out of the way: Gwa yā kà ọ kpụrụka m̄ n’iru Tell him to get out of my sight (lit. drag himself out of my sight) · -nọ̀rụka sit to one side: Nọ̀rụka n’ụ̀sọ Sit to one side

-sav: wash; scrub: Anà m̀ àsa afele I am washing plates B. artificially induce the breasts of a non-pregnant woman to begin to produce milk by washing with a local medicine (see ala 1.); ọ̀sịsa (act of) washing · afọ ọ̄sịsa dysentery · -sa ala A. wash breasts, esp. of a newly-delivered mother, to induce breast milk · -sa àrụ take a bath · -sacha wash; scrub · -sachanye wash and give: Sàchanye m̄ofu afele Wash one plate and give it to me (i.e. immediately) · -sachapụ̀ wash; wash clean, off: Jèe sachàpụ̀ inyi dị̄ n’afele afụ̀ Go and wash the dirt off that plate · -sachapụ̀ta wash ou
-saext. suff. 1: upon; at; over; -fesa sprinkle over · -gbawụsa pour, splash on: Gịnị̂ mè i jì gbawụsa yā mmili? Why did you splash water on her?
-sàv: A. open (hand, book, cloth, but not door) B. spread (as result of something being opened); -sà aka open the hand: Sàa akā gị Open your hand(s) · -sà akwụkwọ open leaves of a book (looking for a particular page or chapter): Ọ nà-asà akwụkwọ He is opening the pages of a book · -sàchi shut, close (usu. book) · -sàchi akwụkwọ shut, close book: Sàchizịa akwụkwọ afụ̀ nọọ̀fụ It is high time you closed that book! · -sàgbàpụ̀ open wide (usu. book, cloth, etc.) · -sàghe open; open wide (e.g. hand
-sàv: answer; reply; excuse; retort; make one’s defence; ọ̀sị̀sà answering; replying; retorting; making one’s defence · -sà ụsà make excuse: Gịnị̄ bụ̀ ụsà ọ sàlụ̀? What was his excuse? or, What excuse did he give?
-sà: 3, v,:; -sà ụ̀sà pinch (bits of food, meat, etc., usually by children)
-sàv: confess to crime, abomination, voluntarily, and sometimes during delirium, semi-insanity, severe labour pains, etc.; -sà asị̀sà confess evil while delirious or semi-insane (cf. -sà n’ọnụ̄) · -sà ifì This is a form of confession very similar to ịsà n’ọnụ̄, but restricted to women. This practice was known throughout Igboland, but it was most common in the Ọ̀kịjà area. Some people strictly forbid their wives’ committing adultery with other men. Women guilty of this offence usually confess to it, mentioning the name
-sa-v: lap water (as dog); -sala mmīli lap water (as dog)
-sev: float, surface; -secha skim (oil, etc.) · -se ese float · -se n’enū float: A fụ̀lụ̀ ozu nwokē a nà-àchọ èri ụkā gālụ aga kà o sè n’enu mmīli n’ụ̀tụtụ̄ à The corpse of the man who had been missing since last week was seen floating on the river this morning
-sèv: A. draw; pull; stretch B. draw on (cigarette, etc.) C. stir (e.g. with rod in thickening food); òsìsè convulsions · -sèchìgha draw back; withdraw · -sè èsè pull; draw · -sègba form a train; go on; go forward; push along; extend to: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà i sègbaa ọ̄wụwa ànị̀ afụ̀ ị nà-àwa kà o rute n’iru ụnọ̄ ānyị I want you to extend the trench you are digging to reach the front of our house · -sèka pull asunder; tear: Ị̀ nà-àchọ isèkà akwụkwọ m̄? Are you going to tear my book? · -sèka akwụkwọ dism
-se-kpùv: crouch; kneel down; -sekpụ̀lu ànị̀ worship; bow, kneel down; give honour to
-sè2.v: A. draw (e.g. diagram) B. photograph; flash (of lightning); reflect flashing light (of mirror); òsìsè drawing (of diagram); photographing · -sè èsè sketch · -sè àmụ̀mà flash; lighten; show lightning · -sè èsè photograph · -sèlụ (ife) reflect, photograph (an object)
-shọv: (dialectal form of -fịọ):; -shọ ụ̀zụ̀ quarrel noisily = -tụ ụ̀zụ̀
-shọ+ v: (dialectical form of -fịọ):; -shọ ụ̀zụ̀ quarrel noisily = -tụ ụ̀zụ̀
-siv: cook; boil: Èjìma nà-èsi jī Ejima is cooking yam; -si ìtè cook; boil · òsi ìtè metal cooking tripod; cook · -siji dye; dye black
-siv: A. pass by way of; pass: Àchọrọ̄ m kà i si ụzọ̄ à I don’t want you to pass this way: Ǹkaà bụ̀ ụzọ̀ e sì èje Nneēwi This is the way leading to Nneewi. (Lit. ... by which people go to Nneewi B. come from: Ji esīzi n’isi pu ò si n’ọdụ̀ pu If yam does not bring out a shoot from the head, it brings it through the tail B. (fig.) come as a result of: Ọ̀gàniiru nà-èsi n’iru ọma Success depends on luck (li; -sifìè pass the wrong way; miss road, way · -sifìè ụzọ̀ miss road, way · -si bịa come from; come by way of: Èbeē kà onye dibị̀à gà-èsi bịa? Where is the doctor going to come from? Ǹkaà bụ̀ nwatà nwokē si ụnọ̀ bịa ọfụụ̄ This is the boy who came from home recently, or who has just come from home · -si nà A. go, come, from (nà sometimes omitted): Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ isī Ìbàdàn naa ụnọ̀ I want to go home thro
-siv.:: B. form of greeting to person travelling, working or going for an examination, meaning farewell or struggle hard, etc.:; -si ike be strong, firm, difficult, hard · -sika ike be very, too, strong, difficult: Ọlụ afụ̀ èsika ikē The work is very difficult · -si ọ̀bọ̀ be lazy, idle · -si ọnwụ persist; be obstinate in desperation or in last desperate effort (by sufferer) before or to prevent death · -jesi ijè ike to go fast · -jìdesi ike hold firmly: Jìdesie yā ike Hold him firmly · -jìsi ike A. put more effort; persever
-siv: set (like trap); -si ọnyà set trap
-siv: hurt; pain; scorch; wither; -sinwụ scorch; wither; have pins and needles; be numb; be half-dead: Akwụkwọ nnī m gotalụ n’ụ̀tụtụ̀ àsinwụgo The vegetables I bought this morning have withered · -siwa hurt severely · -siwasị hurt severely: Isi nà-èsiwasị m̄I have a severe headache · -sinwụba look dejected; scowl: Kèdụ ife mēlụ i jìlì sinwụba irū? Why are you looking dejected?
-sìv: smell; stink; give scent: Ọ̀ gịnị̄ nà-esì What is smelling?; -sì isì smell; stink; give scent: Ntị̀ gị nà-esì isì Your ear is smelling
-sìv: weigh; òsìsì weighing · -sìne compare; weigh a word · -sì ụkwụ mark a footprint
-sìv: be tough in constitution; hard; -sì anya be bold, capable of withstanding hardship, courageous · -sì àrụ be very tough (of person) (i.e. have very tough constitution or body that withstands great hardship, sometimes naturally or through repeated hard experience) · -fụsì anya have hard experience: Afụ̄sìgo m̄anya! I have suffered a terrible experience or, What a terrible experience I have suffered! · -gbasì toughen
-sịv: say; tell: Ọ sị̀ nà ya amā abịa He said that she wouldn’t come; -sị àsị lie; tell lies: Ị na-àsị āsị You are lying Ịsị̄ asị nà-èbutù mmadụ̀ Lying degrades a person · -sị àsị̀lị̀ gossip · -sị òsiālị bear witness · onye ōsiālị the witness · àsị̀lị̀ gossip · onye àsị̀lị̀ gossip(er) · a sị nà if; suppose; supposing that · asị̀sà involuntary confession while delirious or with mind wandering
-sịext. suff. 1: completely; totally; -bọ̀kasị divide into pieces · -gbasị run out · -gwesị pound all · -gwụsị, -gụsị finish; complete: Ọ gà-àgwụsị echī It will finish tomorrow · -kpàchasị cut, shave, entirely · -mesị finish · emesịa afterwards: Ọ gà-àdị mmā n’èmesịa It will be good at last, afterwards · o mesịa afterwards: O mèsị̀àlụ̀ bịa bē m She came to my house at last · o mesịzịa afterwards; eventually · -nwosị pluck off
-sịext. suff. 1: about (restricted to verbs ending in -sà 1. B.); -bọsàsị scatter about · -busàsị scatter about in heaps
-sịsịext. suff. 1: continually: Mkpụlụ akwụ̄ nà-adàsịsị Palm nuts keep on falling: Mmilī nà-àtụsịsị Water is dripping (continuously)
-sov: grow; be long, tall; -so esuso form boil, abscess · -sonita grow up · -so ogonogo be tall, long: Nnwoke afụ̀ èsoka ogonogo The man is very tall · -sopụ̀ta grow up; be of age · -so ùso grow; be long, tall (of living thing) · -sowanye increase in length, height, growth, age (of growing thing or youth)
-sov: sharpen: Ọ nà-èso mmà She is sharpening a knife; -so mmà sharpen knife, matchet
-sòv: A. follow; accompany; go with: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ isò gị̀ na I want to go (home) with you B. follow immediately behind or after companions B. take part in; be a member of: Enyì m sò na ndi isi ōde ākwụkwọ My friend is one of the leading writers C. with (acting like suffix); -sòchi n’àzụ follow immediately after: Sòchie m̄n’àzụ Follow immediately behind me · -sòchi ibè n’àzụ A. walk in single file · -sògbu trouble; vex; persecute · nsògbu trouble; affliction; worry · -nye nsògbu trouble; vex; persecute · onye nsògbu persecutor; troubler; vexer · -sògwa mix with (e.g. in a walk): Atụlụ̄ adị̄ esògwalụ efī Sheep never move about with cattle · -sò ǹdụ̀mọọdụ follow advice:
-sọv: be pleasant, sweet; please; like; appeal to: Ife nwaàyị̀ afụ̀ sọ̀lụ̀ m The woman attracts me; -sọ amụ make laugh; please; amuse; delight; be funny · -sọ ụ̀sọ be pleasant, sweet; please
-sọv: A. avoid (out of respect); honour; revere: A sọọ ịpị̄a nwatà ị̀tàlị̀ è mebìe yā Spare the rod and spoil the child B. avoid (out of disgust); abhor; shun; be beware of C. forbid; be taboo: Ndi Nneēwi nà-àsọ ewī nsọ The giant rat is taboo to the people of Nneewi (lit. The people of Nneēwi forbid the giant rat); -sọ anya respect person, show favouritism; refrain from doing something because of respect for someone present · -sọpụ̀ honour (by standing aside) · -sọpụ̀lụ honour; revere; give way to; respect: Ọ nà-àsọpụ̀lụ m̄dị kà nnwa He behaves like a son to me · nsọpụ̀lụ respect; honour · -sọrụka honour (by standing or bending aside) · asọ̄ anya disregard for status or presence; impartiality; fairness in ju
-sọv: precede; be next before; be older than: Asọ̀lụ̀ m̀ Ònyeēnwe I am older than Onyeenwe
-sọv: push; poke; -sọ gànàgànà stagger · -sọkwù be foolish, awkward · nsọkwù foolishness; awkwardness · -sọ ìsì grope; walk as though blind · -sọ m̀pì butt with the horns; compete: Ànyị̂ jèkọ̀ ịsọ̄ m̀pì na Ọka We are going to compete (for a competition) at Ọka · -sọ ǹgọ̀ǹgọ̀ stagger; stumble: Ọ bụlụ nà òfu m̄kpịsị akā gị gà-àkpatalụ gị̄ ịsọ̄ ǹgọ̀ǹgọ̀ bepụ̄ yā If one of your fingers causes you to stumble, cut it off
-sọ: (ọ̀sụsọọ̄) see -su + 4.; sọ̀, sọ̀ọsọ̀, sịsọ̀ only: Ọ bụ̀ sọ̀ m^ nọ̀ n’ebe à I am the only one here: Kpọ̀ta sọ̀ ya Bring him alone: Ọ bụ̀ sọ̀ọsọ̀ òfu ochē dị n’ebe a gà-anọ̀ me nzùkọ There is only one chair in the place where the meeting is going to take place: Sọ̀ọsọ̀ Chinēkè Nnà pụ̀lụ̀ ịzọ̄pụ̀tà ànyị n’aka ndi ilō Only God the Father can save us from the hands of the enemy · sọ̀ òfu only one; one only · sọ̀ òfu n̄je only
-suv: A. pound (dry object B. box, beat, strike, hit (hard) C. touch lightly (e.g. with mouth, tip of tail, etc.); -sucha thresh (e.g. rice) · -su ekwe beat wooden drum · -su imi wrinkle nose in direction of person in disdain or to show snobbery (usually not allowing the victim to know, but allowing others around to know): Agà m̀ àma onye ọ̄bụnā gā-esu nwa nnē m imi ọ̄la màkà nà ọ mērọ alụ̄ I would slap anyone who wrinkled his nose at my brother because he did not commit an abomination · -su ọ̀kpọ box; strike
-suv: burn; destroy by burning; set fire to; -sukpọ burn up · -sule burn · -su ọkụ set on fire; burn; set alight: Ị̀ nà-àchọ isū ụnọ̀ ọkụ? Do you want to set the house on fire?
-suv: dip (e.g. morsel of food in soup, piece of yam in stew or oil); -suli dip food in soup or stew and eat · -sulu take piece of yam, etc., from among many and eat; take stew or soup with morsel or piece of food · nsulu a sop; dipping into (soup, etc.)
-sụv: pound (soft objects, e.g. fufu, pounded yam; cf. -su 1.); ọ̀sụsụ pounding · -sụ ji pound yam · -sụkpọ destroy; beat to powder
-sụv: boil; begin to boil; sing (of kettle on cooker): Ejì m̀ aka nà nni afụ̀ gà-àsụ tupu elekele isiì I am sure the food will boil before six o’clock; ọ̀sụsụ boiling; fermentation · -sụ pụ̀m̀ bubble (of boiling thick liquids like hot pap, thick soup, and cornflour. The force of rising steam leaves holes which quickly close up, making sounds pụ̀m̀ pụ̀m̀ pụ̀m̀) · -sụ ụ̀fụfụ̀ froth; foam
-sụv: cut, clear (bush, forest); weed; ọ̀sụsụ cutting; clearing (bush, forest); weeding · ọsụsụ ànị̀ cutting, clearing bush preparatory to farming · -sụcha clear away weeds or bush; weed; deforest · -sụ ọfịa cut bush · -sụ ugbō weed farm · -sụ ụzọ̀ cut road, path, way
-sụ: (ǹgọ̀ngọ̀) see -sọ 4.
-sụ̀v: grunt; make sound like lorry, automobile or other powered vehicle, machine, etc. A. make grunts or sounds like lorry or powered machines, automobiles B. leave part of a conversation unspoken, hum and haw: Adā m àchọ kà mụ nà onye nā-abụ ọ na-èkwu okwū ọ̀ na- asụ̀ ọ̀sụ̀sụ̀ kpaa nkàta màkà nà onye nā-abụ ọ na-èkwu okwū ọ̀ na-asụ̀ bụ̀ onye aghụ̀ghọ̀ I never like to converse with a person who is in th; -sụ̀ àsụ̀ make sound like vehicle or machine · -sụ̀ iwe sulk · -sụ̀ mbimbi akwā -sụ̀ ọ̀sụ̀sụ̀ sob · -sụ̀ udè make low groan; grunt (e.g. as seriously ill person, animals) · -sụ̀ ùdù beat ùdù pot (for music) · afọ ọ̀sụ̀sụ̀, afọ ọ̄zịza flatulence; distended stomach; rumbling stomach
-sụ̀v: stab; pierce with the end or point of (e.g. rod, spear, spike, etc.): Ọ chọ̀lụ̀ ịsụ̀ m̀ m̀bàzụ̀ He wants to stab me with a digging- stick; -sụ̀gbu stab to death · -sụ̀ isi n’ànị̀ fall headlong; throw oneself headlong: Onye iwe nà-èwe sụ̀a isī n’ànị̀ kà a malụ nà iwe obì nà-èwe yā Let whoever is annoyed (or angry) put his head on the ground to prove that he is annoyed (lit. ... so that people may know that anger is burning in his heart) · -sụ̀ mmà stab · -sụ̀ n’ànị̀ thump on the ground; set down heavily · -sụ̀nye thrust into; plunge i
-sụ̀v: compress; shorten; be short; ọ̀sụ̀sụ̀ compressing; reduction · -sụ̀ àkàkpọ̀ be stunted in growth (= -dà àkàkpọ̀) · -sụ̀ àsụ̀ shrink back · -sụ̀ egbè load gun: Anà m̀ asụ̀ egbè I am loading a gun · -sụ̀pụ̀ unload (a gun)
-sụ̀v: wear (clothes); -sụ̀lụ ị̀chàfọ̀ put on head-tie · (ichàfụ̀) n’isi

-tav: chew; bite; gnaw B. lessen, dry up (of liquids, floods, etc.); ọ̀tịta chewing; biting; gnawing · -ta afịfịa eat grass (of cow) · -ta afụfụ suffer: Ị gà-àta afụfụ n’ọ̀dị̀niiru ọ bụlụ nà ị rāpụ̀rọ̀ ajọ òmùme gị̄ You will suffer in future if you do not abandon your bad behaviour · -ta akpụkpa cause crawcraw · -ta alụ bite: Agà m̀ àta gị̄ alụ ọ bụlụ nà ị rāpụ̀rọ̀ m I shall bite you if you don’t leave me alone · -ta amōosu be a witch; practise witchcraft (cf. -li
-tav: dry, dry up (of stream, etc.); -ta akụ be dried, without juice, non-succulent (of fruits or tubers) · -tachi dry up (of water) · -tadà subside (of flood, etc.) · -takọ(lụ) dry up · -ta obì mmīli be callous, wicked, determined
-tav.:: B. make a loud outcry; -tamù mutter; murmur; grumble · -ta ụjalā A. chirp; cry as a child; utter a peculiar call
-tàv: narrate; explain; report; interpret (e.g. a vision); -tà ịtà narrate a fable
-ta 5., -teext. suff. 1: A. towards (very freely used with verbs of motion B. (fig.) to one’s advantage C. to a fair extent; thoroughly; well E. used in expression of form verb + -ta + noun + ọnụ̄, denoting great ability to, much, a high degree of: Ọ nà-èkwute okwū ọnụ̄ ya She is an eloquent speaker: Ọ màtà(lụ̀) mmā ọnụ̄ ya She is extremely beautiful; -bàta come in · -bịakète come nearer: Gwa yā kà ọ bịakète Tell him to come nearer · -mete waken; rouse · -wèta bring: Wèta jī Bring yams · -zụpụ̀ta train; see through: A zụ̄pụ̀tago yā nà Yunivasitìì Someone has seen him through the University · -fụchata be inquisitive, nosy: Achọ̀ m̀ kà ị fụtalụ m̄ nwaànyị dị̄ mmā I want you to help me find a good woman (i.e. with intention to follow up the inform
-tev: rub; smear; paint; anoint; coat; òtite rubbing; smearing; painting; anointing; coating · -te ajā rub, smoothe wet wall; paint wall · -te imi rub, coat, coat with mucus · -tekpù paint over; distemper · -telà level; rub flat, straight, smooth · ntelà levelling · -telà ètelà be level, flat, straight, smooth · -te mmanụ anoint with oil; paint, coat, smear with oil · -tepụ̀ complete or finish with the painting of · -te ùde anoint; rub
-tev: tap (palms for wine); -te nkwụ tap palm tree for wine
-tev: prepare (soup); -teghalị ofe stir soup · -te ofe make soup, broth, stew, palmoil chop
-tev: be flexible; move in a flexible way; -te egwu dance · -te ète be flexible · -te ụkwụ limp
-te-pùv: bulge, be distended (like the abdomen of a patient suffering from ascites, an overfed child, or a pregnant woman); -tepùbe be distended, bulging · -tepùbe afọ have a bulging, distended abdomen: Nèe kà o sì tepùbe afọ̄ kà nwaànyị dị̄ ime See how his abdomen is distended like that of a pregnant woman · -tepùlu be distended, bulging · -tepùlu afọ have distended abdomen: Ọjị̀ lifèlụ̀ nni okè, tepùlu afọ̄ kà onye tōlụ afọ Ọjị was overfed and had a distended abdomen
-te-tav: wake up; awake; nteta waking up · -teta n’ụla wake from sleep: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ itēta n’ụla n’ife dị̄ kà elekele īsiì. Bikō kpọ̀tee m̄ ogè afụ̀ ọ bụlụ nà m nọ̀lị̀lị̀ n’ụla I intend to wake from sleep about 6 o’clock. Please wake me if I am still sleeping then
-tiv: beat; hit; strike B. thresh; òtiti beating; hitting; striking · -ti aka strike, beat, with hand · -tibo break off with blow; remove part of with blow (walls, and similar objects like ant-hill, mud pillar, mud seat, etc.) · -tibo ajā remove part of wall with blow: Akwụ e gbūlu n’àzụ ụnọ̀ n’ụ̀tụtụ̄ à tìbòlụ̀ aja āzụ ụnọ̀ The palm-fruit that was cut at the back of the house this morning broke off part of the wall at the back of
-tiv: A. shout; yell; utter cry; howl B. make, proclaim (law, decree); -ticha cry out; exclaim · -tikù shout to; call upon (for help); cry to (cf. -kpọkù): Ànyị̂ jì aka nà Chinēkè gà-ànụ onu ānyị ogè ànyị tikùlù Ya We are confident that God will hear us when we cry to Him · -ti mkpu (cf. -kpọ m̀kpụ̀kpọ̀) shout; call; exclaim in wonder or alarm: Ònye nà-èti mkpū? Who is shouting? · -ti m̀kpụ̀kpọ̀ cry out; shout; sound alarm (cf. -kpọ̀ m̀kpụ̀kpọ̀) · -ti ìwu make, procl
-tiv: shine (of moon): Ọnwa nà-èti n’anyàsị à The moon is shining this night
-tiv: build; establish; -ti akwalị̄ construct an akwalị̄ to increase fruitfulness · -ti ụnọ̀ build a (good) house
-tìv: crack (nuts); -tì akụ crack kernel
-tịv: stretch; ọ̀tịtị stretching · -tị aka stretch hands, fingers; crack the knuckles · -tị àtị stretch · -tịpụ̀ stretch out
-ti-v: put; -tigwa mix; mix with: Tìgwaa akpụ afụ̀ nwantịntị gàlị Add a little garri to that fufu · -tinye put; put in; add · -tinye aka na nni dine; have meal; dine with (used as an invitation to a friend present during a meal): Bikō tìnyelu ānyị aka na nni Please eat with us · -tinyecha put in all · -tinyechi put in place of · -tinyekọ ọnụ̄ n’òfu -tinyekwu speak the same thing; be unanimous add; add (in add
-tov: grow; be long, tall; otuto growing; being long; being tall · -to afọ have great swollen belly; develop ascites: Ọyā Ọ̄fọ èsigo n’ọ̀zịza ghọ̀lụ itō afọ Ọfọ’s illness has passed from general oedema into ascites · -to akpịlị̄ delight; appeal to; also specifically used to refer to practice by some children who gaze steadily at person eating or holding eatable which greatly appeals to them: Èjìma āna ètoka ākpịlị Ejima is
-tov: be worthy, fitting; -to eto be worthy; be fitting: O tòlụ̀ èto kà ànyị jee kènee Ọnwụụ̄ka nne yā nwụ̀lụ̀ ǹnyàafụ̀ We ought to go and console Ọnwụụka whose mother died yesterday · -tosị fit
-tòv: praise; hail; glorify: Mmadụ̀ niīne nà-etò Ibè màkà ọlụ dikē ọ lụ̀lụ̀ n’Ọka Everybody is praising Ibe for his heroic work at Ọka: Ọ̀rà gà-etò afā Jisọ̀s All shall hail the name of Jesus: Ndi Mọọ Ozī nà-adā n’ànị̀ kwà ụbọ̀sị̀ na-etò afà Onye Kāsị The Angels fall down every day glorifying the name of the Almighty; òtùtò praise; praising; hailing; glorifying
-tọv: unwrap; denude; untie; -tọ akwà strip body; make naked by stripping · -tọpụ̀ release; untie; loose; absolve; release from bondage, fetters: Jèe tọpụ̀ ewu e kēdolu n’ọ̀gbụ Go and untie the goat tied to the ọ̀gbụ tree · -tọsị untie · -tọsịsị untie (many things tied together) · -tọsịsị ụnọ̀ unroof house
-tọ̀v: lay; place B. (fig.) be easy, easier, lighter; -tọ̀ anya n’ànị̀ be observant, watchful, careful; take notice of; watch (lit. lay the eye on the ground) · -tọfù lose; mislay · -tọ̀gbọ put, lay, lie, drop down: Tọ̀gbọ yā ebe afụ̀ Leave it there: Tọ̀gbọ egbè gị n’ànị̀ Lay down your gun · -tọgbọ̀ duu lie still; lie down softly (cf. -gba duu, be silent, still): Afụ̀lụ̀ m̀ nkịtā ị nà-àchọ kà ọ tọ̀gbọ̀ duu n’àzụ ụzọ̀ I saw the dog you are searching f
-tọ̀v: take by the throat; kidnap; -tọ̀do seize by the throat; choke; throttle · -tọ̀gbu strangle · -tọ̀ ǹtọ̀ kidnap
-tọ̀v: last; remain; live long; continue; ọ̀tụ̀tọ̀ endurance; durability · -tọ̀ àtọ̀ last; remain; live long; continue; be durable: Akwà ị zụ̄talụ ọfụụ̄ màlụ̀ mmā mà ụ̀dị yā adā atọ̄ àtọ̀ The cloth you have just bought is beautiful, but that kind is never durable · -tọ̀ ọ̀tụ̀tọ̀ = -tọ̀ àtọ̀: Ọ̀kụ̀ a kpụ̄lụ nà Ǹnoòbì nà-atọ̀ ezigbo ọ̀tụ̀tọ̀ Clay plates made in Nnoobi last a very long time · ǹtọ ànị̀ foundation; origin
-tọ̀ext. suff. 1: denoting crushing into mess, very soft state, mutilation: Nnwa āzọtọ̀go n̄sị yā The baby has stepped into his faeces: Ọ nà-àpịtọ̀ unèlè ọcha He is pressing the banana into a mess
-tuv: A. stick in; plant: Ànyị nà-èje itū osisi n’okè ànyị nà ndi Ụmụ̀ Agụ̄ We are going to stick sticks along the boundary between us and the Ụmụ̀ Agụ̄ people B. (fig.) be declared the champion, winner B. strap on (sword, knife, etc.) (cf. -tù 1.): Kèdu ǹkè ị tù mmà kà onye gāje ọ̀gụ̀? Why are you strapping on a sword like a person going to a fight?; -tudo stick (something) · -turu(be) plant around · -tu ùgò A. stick an eagle’s feather in the hair
-tùv: insert something into covering or mass (e.g. sword passed through belt, feather in hat or hair)
-tùext. suff. 1: down: Enwè m̀ ike ịgbātù enyi ọ bụlụ nà e nyē m̄egbè I can shoot down an elephant if I am given a gun: Ọ nà-àchọ inūtù ibu dọ̄ n’enu ochē He is going to push off the load which is on the chair
-tụv: A. throw; cast; hurl; fling; throw upon B. make collection; put money or gifts in kind to common purpose B. (fig.) exaggerate; make more interesting (of story); embellish B. rise to surface (as corpse in water): Tụpụ̀talụ m̄ bọ̄ọ̀lụ̀ Throw out the ball for me B. drop, place, upon C. fall in drops; sprinkle B. drip (= -tụ pọm) D. throw together; heap up; fold together E. throw (oneself about); boun; ọ̀tụtụ throwing; casting; hurling; flinging · -tụ atụ be bumpy, uneven (of road) (i.e. throwing one about); be bounced about · -tụchanye throw away utterly; lose everything: Ibè nà-àkwadebe ịtụ̄chanye ego niīne o dèbèlụ̀ n’ikpe ànị̀ Ibe is going to throw all his savings into a land case · -tụdà throw: Tụdàtalụ m̄ bọọ̀lụ̀ Throw down the ball to me · -tụdàta throw down to · -tụ èbìlì be agitated; sw
-tụv: build; -tụ ajā build up a wall (by throwing mud) · -tụ àkanya build thatch roof; build thatch-roofed house · -tụ akịlịka build a grass roof; build grass-roofed house · -tụkọ̀nata build up · -tụ ụnọ̀ build house: Ife m̄bụ m gà-ème nà m̀ si Òbòdò Oyìbo natâ bụ̀ ịtụ̄ òfu ụnọ̀ enū The first thing I will do on my return from the United Kingdom is to build a storey building · -tụ ụnọ̄ ākanya build thatch-roofe
-tụv: order; indent for; request someone going to a market to help buy something: Ọ bụlụ nà Nwaàmàlụ̀bịa ānatago nàtalụ m̄ya ife m tụ̄lụ ya If Nwaamalụbịa has returned, help me bring from her what I requested her to buy for me; -tụ afịa request someone going to a market to help buy something · -tụ atụ order; indent for · -tụ m̀gbelē trade; retail (cf. -gba m̀gbelē): Ọ̀fọ nà-àtụ m̄gbele n’Àba Ọfọ is trading at Aba · àtụmafịa commission to buy in the market; order
-tụv: split, scrape out; (fig.) take out B. nurse, foster, bring up very sickly, weak, miserably helpless child or animal ("take out disease, weakness"): Ọ bụ̀ nnē nà-àtụcha nnwa Ìbè e sì Ugwu Awụsa kpọnata ọgè nne yā nwụ̄sịlị It is mother who is fostering the child of Ibe who was brought down from Northern Nigeria after his mother died; -tụcha A. scrape out canoe with ǹkọ̀ · -tụ nkụ split firewood · ọ̀ka ǹtụ̀gbu jigger
-tụv: cause; get; -tụba imē impregnate · -tụ egwù fear; respect; be afraid of: Anà m̀ àtụ egwù ijē ugbō n’anyàsị̀ I am afraid of going to the farm at night: Ebe a nà-enì ozū nà-àtụ egwù n’anyàsị̀ The cemetery is fearful at night: Egwū mmadụ̀ adị̄ àtụ m̄ I am never afraid of people · -tụ imē conceive; be pregnant: Elòlụ̀ m̀ nà nkịtā m gà-àtụ imē n’ọnwa ị̄tọ na-abịa I think my dog will become pregnant in three months
-tụv: speak (in various specific ways) B. deceive; poke fun at; play joke upon; -tụ àkpànị̀ be bellicose, pugnacious (in speech) · -tụ alò deliberate; consider; counsel; suggest; advise · -tụ inu speak proverb, parable: Nnā ānyị nà-àbụ ọ ga-agwa ānyị okwu ogē ụfọdụ ọ tụalụ ānyị inu mà ọ̀ bụrọ̄ ogè ǹcha kà ànyị nà-àghọta inu ọ nà- àtụlụ ānyị Our father when he addresses us often uses proverbs, but it is not always that we understand the proverbs he uses for us · -tụlụ (fig.) d
-tụv: appear (of new moon): Ọnwa ātụgo/ātụa/ātụọ The new moon has appeared (contrast Ọnwa àpụ̀tago The moon (not new) has appeared)
-tụext. suff. 1: denoting contact; -metụ touch · -sutụ ọnụ̄ touch with mouth
-tụ̀v: break the surface of a hard object (e.g. break with tips of nails, usually of both hands, small seeds like melon seeds to remove the covering); -tụ̀bì break (something tiny) · -tụ̀ mbọ pinch with fingernails · -tụ̀ nkì cut face or body mark; tattoo · -tụ̀ ọnụ̄ burrow: Òke nà-atụ̀ ọnụ̄ n’ànị̀ ụnọ̀ A rat is burrowing in the floor of the house · -tụ̀pu trickle out; perforate with nails: Ọ tụ̀pugo àkpà m He has pinched open my bag: Ànyị nà-atụ̄ ēgusi We are breaking open melon seeds
-tụ̀v: pick off (e.g. ants, fruits of certain grasses, or weeds with sticky fruits, from cloth); -tụ̀cha peel: Ànyị nà-atụ̀cha ọ̄kụkọ̀ We are plucking the fowl: Ànyị nà-atụ̀cha arụrụ We are picking off the ants: Àda nà-atụ̀cha ntị̀ ya Ada is picking her ear · -tụ̀chanye pick off and give; give very little, trifling part: Ọ̀ bụ̀ nwantịntị àchị̀cha à kà ị gà-atụ̀chanye m̄? Is it this very little piece of bread that you would give me? · -tụ̀chapụ̀ pick out, off (things which stick, e.g. fleas on
-tụ̀v: be variegated in colour, mottled, spotted B. mixture; -tụ̀ àgwà be variegated in colour, mottled, striped, spotted: Nkịtā m^ tụ̀lụ̀ àgwà kà agū My dog is spotted like a leopard: Èbùnu à tụ̀lụ̀ àgwà òji nà ọ̀cha This ram is spotted black and white · -tụ̀ àkịkà cause (pattern on) · -tụ̀ atụ̀tụ̀ be spotted, piebald · -tụ̀gwa be striped, spotted, variegated · ntụ̀gwa A. variegation · -tụ̀pọ have spot, blemish · ntụ̀pọ spot; blemish
-tụ̀v: measure (length); point at; ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ measurement (of length) · ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ akā arm’s length: Ife ofu onyē kètàlụ̀ n’ànị̀ e kèlụ̀ ǹnyàafụ̀ bụ̀ òfu ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ akā What each person got out of the land which was shared yesterday is one arm’s length · -tụ̀nye compare; liken
-tụ̀v: spatter; drop; drip (of liquids); drizzle; ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dripping (of dew, rain, etc.)
-tụ̀v: cheat; defraud; -tụ̀lụ defraud: Ndị wàyo tụ̀lụ̀ yà egō ya The confidence tricksters defrauded him of his money · -tụ̀ ụ̀là tease; disappoint (after arousing expectation)
-tụ-v: breathe; -tụbì stop breathing (suddenly): Nwatā dālụ enū n’ụ̀tụtụ̀ àtụbìgo The child who fell from a height has stopped breathing · -tụ kpọm breathe one’s last, faintly · -tụlụ ndụ̀ revive; refresh · -tụ ndụ̀ breathe slowly, faintly, with difficulty (as one dying) · -tụ n’ume breathe shallowly or faintly (like patient nearing death or person who is extremely exhausted from running); pant: Elòlụ̀ m̀ nà ezì
-tu-fùv: throw away; -tufù uchè despair
-tu-kwùv: squat; -tukwùlu squat: Anà m̀ èje itūkwùlù n’ụ̀sọ ọkụ̄ màkà nà oyī nà-àtụ m̄I am going to squat near the fire because I am feeling cold
-tụ̀-tụ̀v: pick up: Adị̄ m àtụtụ̀ ife ọbụnà n’ìlo ọ sọgọdu nya bụ̀lụ ōfu àkpà egō I never pick anything up on the road, even if it is a hundred pounds; ntụtụ̀ gathering; picking up; pilfering · -tụtụ̀ aka pilfer: Ọ nà-àtụtụ̀ akā He is a pilferer · -tụtụ̀ aka n̄tụtụ̀ pilfer; pick and steal · -tụ̀tụ̀kọ gather; pick together · -tụ̀tụ̀kọta gather; pick together and bring: Jèe tụtụ̀kọta ego dāsịsịlị n’àkpà m ogè m nà-àgbabàta ụnọ̀ Go and pick up the coins that fell from my pocket when I was running in · -tụ̀tụ̀nye pick up for; pick up and give: Tụtụ̀n

-wav: cut; split; divide; space B. hold annual (religious) new yam festival; ọ̀wụwa cutting; splitting; dividing · -wa ànị̀ break up land by digging; divide land for planting; dig ground · awa ànị̀ division, plot, of land · -wa ezē file teeth · -wa ji A. divide or split yam: Agà m̀ àwa jī I shall cut the yam · ogè ịwā ji annual yam festival · ọ̀wụwa jī feast of new yams · -wa okè make a boundary; put a mark; demarcate · -wa ọjị break kola · -gbuwa split by cutting (esp. wi
-wav: A. come out; break through; burst out (on); force one’s way in B. come out from the soil (of water); flood: Mmilī àwago n’ụnọ̀ Underground water has flooded the floors of the house C. come out, rise, shine (of sun); -wabà rush in; invade · -wabàta rush inside · -waku(lu) attack; rush at · -wakpò rise upon; invade; attack; raid: Elèghelū àwakpògo ọkụkọ̀ n’ime ụ̄la ọ̄kụkọ̀ Giant ants have invaded the fowls in the battery · -wakwàsị attack · -wakwute attack · -wapụ̀ta burst out; flow · -wakpò submerge · mmili ọ̄wụwa coming out of underground water, flooding the land (e.g. when water seeps into buildings in swamp
-wav: wander; explore (e.g. forest); -wagota wander up (nearer) · -waghalị wander about: Kèdu ǹkè ọ nà-àwaghalị n’ime ọfị̄a? Why is he wandering in the forest? · -waghalị n’ụnọ̀ wander about lazily in the house · -wa ọfịa wander in, explore, the forest
-wav: break; shatter; ọ̀wịwa breaking · afele ọ̄wịwa breakable dish
-waext. suff. 1: continuing; becoming more and more; -bawanye increase (in number): Ụmụ̀ ọlụ̄ ya nà-àbawanye ụ̄ba His apprentices are increasing more and more · -gawa go further, straight on: Àrụ nsògbu yā nà-àgawanye n’iru His illness is becoming worse (lit. going further and further)
-wàv: put in between two closely placed objects with little or no space between them; insert B. = -wà ọ̀gọ̀dọ̀ B. A. put on loincloth B. put on loincloth ceremonially. In olden days, this ceremony marked the time when a boy stopped appearing nude. From thenceforth he had the privileges and obligations of a man: Èke awàgo ọ̀gọ̀dọ̀ Eke has become an adult; -wà akwà A. put on loincloth · -wànye insert in (between) · -wà ọ̀gọ̀dọ̀ (= -wà akwà) · -wapụ̀ pull out thing stuck in · -wà ụnọ repair thatch of a house (= -wàchi ụnọ̀)
-wev: be angry, annoyed; -we iwe be angry, annoyed · -wewụsa iwe be annoyed, angry, with; vent anger upon · mwewụsa iwē anger, vexation (with a person, etc.)
-wèv: take B. be better; òwùwè taking · -wèbìpụ̀ take out some · -wèdàta bring down · -wèdàta ànị̀ bring down; humble; abase; humiliate: Wedàta ōnwe gị̄ ànị̀ Humble yourself (lit. Bring yourself down) · wèe used in many common phrases · wèe ganye nà, wèe nye nà till; until; pending: Agà m̀ na-àpịa gị̄ ìtàlị̀ wèe ganye nā ī kwupụ̀ta ife ọjọọ̄ i mèlụ̀ I shall continue to flog you till you confess the bad thing you did · wèe
-wị̀ 1.,: see -yị̀ 1., 2.
-wov: bore hole; poke: A nà m̀ èwo ewī I am poking the giant rat’s hole (with the intention of getting it out and capturing it); -wokò make loose, or widen, a hole by poking or probing · -wo n’anya be plain, clear, obvious; stare one in the face; leap to the eye · -wo ọnụ̄ dig hole (already existing, e.g. rat-hole); excavate: A nà m̀ èwo ō(cid:31)nụ ōke I am probing, poking, or digging a rat-hole (with the intention of catching the rat)
-wov: peel off; shed (of skin, scales); -wo iwòlò (àwọ̀lọ̀) come off in scales; shed skin
-wòv: put on (clothes); -wopụ̀ take off clothes · mwopụ̄ àfè taking off of clothes
-wò: see -nwò
-wọ̀v: deny (a share; implies object has no legal claim to a share); -wọ̀ nni deny (share of) food
-wuv: boil, seethe (corn, palm kernels)
-wuv: establish; build; -wughe open; make, declare open · -wughepụ̀ give permission for any kind of gathering; declare open; open · -wu ìwu make law · -wulu be firm, established · -wulu ewulu be firm, established: Oche afụ̀ àmaka, o wùùlụ̀ èwulu That chair is magnificient, it is very firm · -wu ụnọ̀ build a house
-wùv: become known, popular; spread: Ife o mèlụ̀ nà-ewù What he has done is fast becoming known to everyone; òwùwù spreading; being popular · -wùbe begin to spread (of news) · -wù èwù spread; be noised abroad; be famed: Akụkọ afụ̀ nà-ewū èwù The news is spreading
-wụv: wash (body); ọ̀wụwụ washing · -wụ àrụ wash the body · -wụcha àrụ wash the body clean; cleanse the body · -wụchapụ̀ àrụ wash the body thoroughly · -wụchapụ̀ta wash away; clear away
-wụv: pour; spread; put; place B. place, put down upon (cloth or many objects); -wụbà pour into · -wụchi fill (e.g. hole with debris) · -wụfù pour away · -wụnye pour into · -wụpụ̀ pour out; throw out (esp. liquids) · -wụrà spread out and divide · -wụsa A. pour into a particular place (liquids, kernels) · -wụsị throw away, pour away, spill (liquids)
-wụv: buy (palm kernels, gunpowder) (originally derived from -wụ 2., since kernels and gunpowder must be poured into container in order to buy them); -wụ ntụ buy gunpowder · -wụta to buy (kernels): Anà m̀ èje ịwụ̄ta akụ n’Àfọ̀-Nnoòbì I am going to buy some kernels at Àfọ̀-Nnoòbì market
-wụv: excise; pluck out; -wụ akpụ̀ cut, excise a tumour, growth
-wụ̀v: jump (cf. -kwụ 5.); ọ̀wụ̀wụ̀ jumping · -wụ̀bà jump into · -wụ̀dà jump down · -wụ̀fè jump over · -wụ̀ ị̀kpọ̀tọ skip, gambol (as a young animal) · -wụ̀ni enū jump up · -wụ̀ ọsọ race
-wu-tav: grieve; hurt; trouble; distress: Ọnwụ enyì m nwokē nà-èwuta m̄ri nnē The death of my friend is hurting me greatly; mwuta grief; sorrow; pain (of mind) · ife mwuta painful thing; distressing thing

-yàv: A. suffer from (disease); endure B. suffer from misfortune (brought by a person): (fig.) Ọ bụ̀ Ọ̀fọ kà ànyị nà-ayà It is Ọfọ who worries us (fig.) Adā ayā gị̄ àyà No one can suffer from you! (Used in reply to someone who boasts he can harm one); -yà ọyà suffer illness; be sick; suffer from disease: Ọ nà-ayā òkpoòmìlì She is suffering from rheumatism: Ọ nà-ayà ọyā ọ̄zịza She is suffering from a swelling disease · (àrụ) -ya be sick: Àrụ nà-ayā ya He is sick
-yà-tọv: open forcibly; myàtọ ọnụ̄ opening of mouth forcibly, especially of another person or animal (abusing the speaker)
-yiv: wear; -yi àfè wear cloth · -yi akpụkpọ ụkwụ̄ -yi akwà wear shoes wear cloth · -yi àwọ̀lọ̀ wear mask · -yibe clothe; put clothes on someone (e.g. a child) · -yikpò clothe, put clothing on so as to cover up something: Yikpò ọnya dị̄ gị n’afọ àfè Wear clothing over the sore on your abdomen · -yikwàsị put on (clothing, mask, etc.) · -yilị wear · -yilị àfè put on clothes: Yìlị àfè gị Put on your shirt (or cl
-yiv: resemble; be like, alike: Àdâ yìlị̀ nne yā Àda resembles her mother: Ife ēyi nnwa There is nothing like a child (used as a name); eyī uchè quite unexpected · àtụ̀ eyī not exactly describable · òyiyi resembling; being (a)like; likeness; resemblance
-yiv: cut (human and animal flesh and soft objects); -yikasị cut oneself open · -yitọ cut free; cut · -yiwa cut open, across, into two · -yiwa òlòma cut orange into half
-yiv: cause; -yi atụtọ tickle · -yi egwù frighten · -yi ǹtàtàlabụ̀, tickle in armpit · ǹtàtabụ̀labụ̀
-yiv: A. turn B. paddle (e.g. turn paddle in water); -yigbu turn upon and kill · myigbu slander; craftiness; evil · -yido put ashore · -yifè paddle, ferry across · -yi ụ̀gbà to dive: Anà m̀ èje iyī ụ̀gbà nà m̀milī I am going to the stream to dive · -yi ụgbọ paddle canoe
-yị̀ 1., -wị̀v: A. be, go together; accompany one another in doing something: Mụ nà enyì m gà-ayị̀ je Nnọkwà echi My friend and I will go (together) to Nnọkwa tomorrow: Mụ nà Ọgụgụ̀â yị̀ je mmīli Ọgụgua and myself went to the stream together B. have illicit sex with a woman: Èkê chọ̀lụ̀ ịyị̀ Àda Eke wanted to have illicit sex with Ada; ọ̀yị̀yị̀, ọ̀wị̀wị̀ going together · -yị̀lị go together: Bị̀a kà ànyị yị̀lị jee nkụ̄ Come, let us go together to fetch the firewood · -yị̀ ọ̀yị̀ be friends · -yị̀ ọ̀yị̀ be lovers; commit adultery, fornication: Ayị̀nà ọ̀yị̀ Do not commit adultery
-yị̀ 1., -wị̀: +:; -wị̀ ala, -yị̀ ala be mad: Ị̀ nà-awị̀ alā? Are you mad?
-yọv: beg B. beg for alms; ọ̀yịyọ begging · -yọ ayị̀yọ A. beg; beseech; pray · -yọ m̀gba challenge to a wrestling contest · -yọta receive by begging · onye ayị̀yọ beggar
-yọ̀v: drizzle (of rain); sprinkle: Mmilī nà-ayọ̀ The rain is drizzling: Yọ̀ọ nnī afụ̀ nwantịntị nnū Sprinkle some salt on the food; -yọ̀kpọ flap (in the face)
-yọ̀v: sift; -yọ̀cha sift (to separate chaff or foreign body) · -yọ̀chapụ̀ sift out · -yọ̀ghalị shake: Ọ yọ̀ghàlị̀lụ̀ ọgwụ̀ afụ̀ He shook the medicine · -yọ̀kpọ sift to a fine powder · -yọ̀ta sieve out · -yọ̀ ụ̀sàkà shake a musical calabash

-zav: (no vowel suffix) answer; reply: Za m̄ Answer me: Achọ̀lụ̀ m̀ kà ị za akwụkwọ ǹkaà ọsọọ̄sọ I want you to reply to this letter quickly; ọ̀zịza answer; reply · -za afà bear a name; answer to one’s name · -za azị̀za answer query · -zado give (moral) support; prop up · -za letà reply to letter · -za mmụọ̄ be dedicated to a spirit by taking its name · -za òkù answer a call: O jèlụ̀ ịzā òkù He has gone to answer a call
-zav: swell (of animal body): Ọ bụlụ nà ị jērọ gba ụkwụ nā-esògbu gị̄ ọgwụ̀ ọ gà-àza If you do not go for an injection, your bad leg will become swollen: Ụkwụ m gbàjìlị̀ n’ụ̀tụtụ̀ àzago The leg that I fractured in the morning has swollen up; ọ̀zịza swelling (of animal body) · afọ ọ̄zịza flatulence · -za àza swell; be swollen: Ụkwụ gị̄ nà-àza āza Your leg is becoming swollen: Ọ̀ gịnị̄ kpàtàlụ̀ ụkwụ gị̄ jì za āza? Why is your leg swollen? · -zachi become so swollen as to cover up spaces or orifices in an organ, e.g. eyes, ears, etc.: Anya gị̄ ị̀bụ̀ọ àzachigo Your two eyes have become so swollen as to cover up the eyeballs completely · -
-zàv: sweep; ọ̀zị̀zà sweeping · -zà àzà sweep: A gà-azà ụnọ̀ afụ̀ àzà The room shall be swept · -zàchapụ̀ sweep out · -zàkpò sweep something over something (e.g. vomit) so as to cover it completely · -zànye sweep into
-zàv: A. filter; skim (off) B. (fig.) be reduced in weight; be lean, thin (as result of abnormal condition, e.g. worry, illness, etc.): Agụ̄ azàgo Agụ has lost weight; ọ̀zị̀zà filtering
-zev: collapse; slip down; fall down (of wall, house, etc.); sink (of raised path); cave in; -ze eze = -ze · -zekpùdo sink over; collapse over
-zèv: dodge; shrink from; beware of; avoid; prevent: Ndị aghā nà-amụ̀ etu e sì ezè mgbọ̄ The soldiers learn how to dodge bullets; òzìzè dodging; shrinking from; avoiding · -zèdo take shelter, protect oneself · -zè èzè = -zè: Anà m̀ ezē yā èzè I try to avoid him · -zè izìzè loathe; abhor · -zèlụ = -zè · -zè(lụ) anwụ̄ shelter from sun · -zè(lụ) mmilī shelter from rain · -zè ǹdò take shelter from sun · -zè ndụ̀ be afraid of; avoid (from fear); shun; beware of; fear for one’s life: Ọ nà-ezè ndụ̀ He fears for his life · ife izè t
-zèext. suff. 1: melting; -gbazè melt: Ọ gà-àgbazè It will melt · -sizè melt by placing over the fire: Ọ nà-èsizē ūde He is melting the pomade over the fire
-ziv: borrow: Ọ nà-èje izī egō He is going to borrow some money; -zinye lend: Bikō zìnye m̄ego ị̄tọ Please lend me thirty kobo. · nzinye lending · -zita borrow: Jèe zìta ǹkàtà naàbọ̀ Go and borrow (and bring) two baskets · nzili, nzita borrowing
-ziv: teach; instruct; show; -zi àzụ akā be insincere (lit. show the back of the hand) · -zi ụzọ̀ show the way: Zi m̄ ụzọ̀ Show me the way · -kụzi teach; instruct · onye nkụzi teacher; instructor
-ziv: be straight, right, upright: Ife ọ mèlụ̀ zìlị̀ èzi His action is right; -zi ezi n’ìwu be legal, lawful: Ife ọ mèlụ̀ zìlị̀ èzi n’ìwu His action is legal · -zi n’anya convince; please (employer) with work · -dozi repair; correct; rectify · -kwezi ụta re-string a bow · -lụzi rectify; correct · -mezi repair; rectify; correct
-ziv: lower (e.g. load); òzizi lowering · -zidà descend; get down from vehicle; put down a load; lower bucket into well · -zido help put down load; put down load from the head · -zi ibu put down load from head · -zitù put down load from the head
-zìv: send; send on errand; assign work to; deliver message: Zìe m̄Send me; -zìdàta send down: Zidàta ngọzị Gị̄ Send down Thy blessings · -zìfìè deliver wrong message; mislead (by message): Ọ̀ gịnị̄ kpàtàlụ̀ ị jì zifìè ozi m zìlì gị? Why did you deliver a message different from what I sent you with? · -zìga send · -zìgota send up (towards the speaker) · -zìna send home: Agà m̀ ezìna gị̄ echi I shall send you home tomorrow · -zìnaba send home; dismiss: Zìnaba ānyị n’ùdo Se
-zi-zòv: mimic; mock (= -ji-jè)
-zov: hide: Anà m̀ èje izō mmà m I am going to hide my knife; òzuzo hiding · -zobe hide from; be hidden (from): Anà m̀ èje izōbe mmà m I am going to hide my knife · -zo èzo hide; be hidden, in hiding: O zòlụ̀ èzo He has hidden, or, He is in hiding: · Ị̀ nà-èzo ēzo? Are you hiding? · -zobe èzobe be hidden (from); hide from: Kpakpaǹdò afụ̀ zòbèlụ̀ èzobe The star is hidden · -zofù become lost or disappear by hiding; lose by hiding; be lost by hiding; become for
-zov: tie; -zochi knot: Zòchie elili Knot the rope
-zov: point; point at; -zo aka point at; point with the hand
-zòv: rain; òzùzò raining: Mmilī gà-ezò It will rain · m̀mili òzùzò rain
-zọv: heal; save; defend; claim; side with; contest B. protect; ọ̀zụzọ claiming; claim · -zọdọ A. withhold; keep back; be selfish · -zọ ezè contest for chieftaincy title · -zọ ndụ̀ save life · -zọ ọkwa contest for a post · -zọ ọnọ̀dụ̀ contest for a seat, position, post · -zọpụ̀ta deliver; save; heal Onye nzọpụ̀ta Saviour · -zọta obtain by struggling, contesting, or laying strong claims to
-zọv: transplant; plant (cutting only); -zọ osè transplant pepper · -zọ osisi transplant tree, plant tree cuttings
-zọext. suff. 1: forget (restricted to verbs meaning ‘think’); -chèzọ forget · -lòzọ forget: O lòzọgo afà ya She has forgotten his name
-zọ̀v: tread; step; ọ̀zụ̀zọ̀ treading; stepping · -zọ̀ ajā tread mud for building · -zọ̀fìè ụkwụ miss a step; step into a wrong place or spot · -zọ̀gbu tread to death · -zọ̀ji break, snap by stepping on · -zọ̀kwàsị tread upon · -zọ̀nye step in; presume; insinuate · -zọ̀tọ̀ tread in any sort of filth; tread till it becomes soft and messy · -zọ̀ ụkwụ step · -zọ̀wata come (esp. occasionally and unexpectedly)
-zọ̀v: bet; offer, lay, wager; -zọ̀ ìwu = -zọ̀ · -zọ̀ n’ibē stand surety for; bail · -zọ̀ ǹzọ̀ lay, offer, wager; make a bet
-zuv: steal; -zu egō steal money · -zu orī steal · -zuta obtain by stealing
-zùv: meet; encounter; -zùkọ meet; assemble; collide · nzùkọ meeting; council · -kpọ nzùkọ call meeting · -zùkọta meet, assemble, together · -zùte, -zùta meet, welcome visitor by deliberately going out to meet him on the way or at a place, e.g. motor park
-zùv: be complete, correct; suffice; fulfil; -zù èzù be complete, sufficient, correct: O zùlù èzù It is correct · -zù òkè be correct; suffice; be complete, perfect, sufficient · -zù ọnụ̄ be complete; be enough to go round
-zùv: determine; purpose; plan; deliberate B. whisper; -zùbe determine; purpose; plan · -zù ìzù hold a meeting, council · -zùpụ̀ta invent · nzupụ̀ta invention · -zùsà alter a plan; abandon a purpose · nzusà alteration of plan; caprice · ìzù A. meeting, council
-zụv: buy; purchase; ọ̀zụzụ buying; purchasing · -zụ afịa trade; hold market; buy and sell in market · -zụchapụ̀ buy all · -zụgbu cheat in marketing or in bargaining for commodity · -zụnye buy and give or present to another: Zụ̀nye m̄àkpà Buy me a bag · -zụta buy (and bring)
-zụv: play game involving board, cards, etc. B. play board or card games in general B. play board or card games in general; -zụ akụ A. play the game akụ or òkwè (Yoruba ayò) · -zụ òkwè A. play òkwè
-zụ̀v: feed; nurse; nourish; train; train up; tend; ọ̀zụ̀zụ̀ nursing; nourishing; training; tending · ọ̀zụ̀zụ̀ nkụzi teacher training: Adâ nọ̀ ọ̀zụ̀zụ̀ nkụzi Ada is doing teacher training: Ọ bụ̀ m nà-azụ̀ Ikē I am the one who is training Ike · -zụ̀ba continue to feed, nurse, train, train up, tend; be in the habit of feeding, nursing, etc.: Ànyị̂ chọ̀lụ̀ kà ị zụ̀ba Ndụ̀ We want you to be training (or to begin to train) Ndụ · -zụbì spoil; train badly
-zụ̀-nav: consume: Ìmìlìkiti ife nwokē afụ̄ zụ̀tàlù n’Àba n’ọnwa gālụ àga àzụ̀nago n’ime ọkụ̄ Many of the goods bought by the man at Aba last month have perished in the fire
-zu-zùv: be foolish, stupid; nzuzù foolishness; stupidity; folly · onye nzuzù stupid, foolish person · -zuzù èzuzù act foolishly, stupidly · -me nzuzù be foolish, stupid; act stupidly, foolishly
-zụ̀-zụ̀v: massage; caress; stroke; -zụzụ̀ aka stroke with hand